JEDINJENJA VANADIJUMA – NOVI MOGUĆI LEKOVI U TERAPIJI ŠEĆERNE BOLESTI

Marko Dinčić; Mirjana B. Čolović; Jasna  Todorović

doi:10.5937/mp75-43694

Marko Dinčić Institut za patološku fiziologiju Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu
Mirjana B. Čolović Laboratorija za fizičku hemiju, Institut za nuklearne nauke „Vinča”, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu
Jasna Todorović Institut za patološku fiziologiju Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp75-43694

Ključne reči: dijabetes, terapija dijabetesa, vanadijum, neorganska i organska jedinjenjenja vanadijuma, polioksovanadati

Sažetak

Glavni ciljevi u lečenju osoba sa dijabetesom su ostvarenje individualnih glikemijskih ciljeva i prevencija komplikacija. Današnja savremena terapija dijabetesa uz izuzetne uspehe ima i određena ograničenja, kao što su: paranteralni put primene leka, smanjenje efikasnosti leka nakon početnog poboljšanja glikemije, nedostupnost novijih lekova u nerazvijenim zemljama ili nepristupačnost leka zbog visoke cene. Zbog toga postoji stalna potreba za razvojem jeftinihijih i lakših za primenu antihipeglikemijskih lekova, kao i veće efikasnosti i manje toksičnosti. U tom cilju, znatan broj studija ispitivao je uticaj neorganskih i organskih jedinjenja vanadijuma u snižavanju vrednosti hiperglikemije. Pokazano je da neorganska jedinjenja vanadijuma nakon peroralne primene imaju jako nizak stepen apsorpcije, tako da su visoke doze u snižavanju hiperglikemije izazivale ozbiljne neželjene efekte kod ispitanika. Sa druge strane, organsko jedinjenje vanadijuma bis(etilmaltolat)oksovanadijum(IV) došlo je do faze 2 kliničke studije ispitivanja antidijabetičke efikasnosti i bezbednosti, ali je studija prekinuta zbog nefrotoksičnog neželjenog efekta. Poslednjih nekoliko godina, velika pažnja je posvećena istraživanju antidijabetičke aktivnosti polioksovanadata, međutim još uvek je mali broj podataka o toksičnom potencijalu ovih jedinjenja. Iako je odavno dokazana antidijabetička aktivnost, tačni mehanizmi dejstva jedinjenja vanadijuma još uvek nisu u potpunosti razjašnjeni. U literaturi se navodi da jedinjenja vanadijuma mogu delovati na: sekreciju insulina, osetljivost ciljnih tkiva na insulin, stvaranje glukoze u jetri ili obim apsorpcije glukoze u digestivnom traktu. U zaključku, uprkos obećavajućim rezultatima dobijenim u istraživanjima na životinjama i ljudima, za sada još uvek nije otkriveno jedinjenje vanadijuma delotvorno u snižavanju hiperglikemije, uz istovremeno prihvatljivu bezbednost i sigurnost. Zbog toga je u budućnosti je potrebno ulagati u pronalaženje novih jedinjenja vanadijuma čije koristi će biti veće u odnosu na rizike.

Biografije autora

Mirjana B. Čolović, Laboratorija za fizičku hemiju, Institut za nuklearne nauke „Vinča”, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu

Viši naučni saradnik

Jasna Todorović, Institut za patološku fiziologiju Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu

Vanredni profesor

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