AKTUELNI TRENDOVI U HIRURŠKOM LEČENJU POLIPA GLASNICA: MINI-PREGLED
Sažetak
Polipi glasnica predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih ogranskih poremećaja larinksa u opštoj populaciji i jedan su od relativno čestih uzroka dugotrajne promuklosti. Tačna etiologija polipa glasnica je nejasna, mada se kao glavni etiološki faktor navodi loša upotreba glasa. Histopatološki, polipe karakterišu različite strukturne promene u površnom sloju lamine proprije glasnica, dok tipičan klinički nalaz odgovara solitarnoj, jednostranoj i jasno ograničenoj promeni na zahvaćenoj glasnici. Polipi glasnica se uglavnom leče hirurški i to mikrolaringoskopijom i ekscizijom “hladnim” instrumentima u opštoj endotrahealnoj anesteziji, što je metoda izbora u otorinolaringološkoj praksi tokom prethodnih 60 godina. Mikrolaringoskopija omogućava hirurgu do danas neprevaziđen uveličan uvid u glasnice i veoma precizan i komforan rad sa obe ruke na mirnom/nepokretnom operativnom polju bez vremenskog ograničenja. Uvođenje i tehnološki razvoj ambulantne endoskopije larinksa i različitih laserskih sistema pružili su hirurgu obilje novih terapijskih mogućnosti, uključujući i operisanje određenog broja pacijenata u vanbolničkim uslovima u lokalnoj anesteziji. Ove ambulantne intervencije su tehnički jednostavne i isplative, angažuju manje medicinskog osoblja, isključuju rizike vezane za opštu anesteziju i zahtevaju mnogo manje vremena za izvođenje. Bez obzira na ove prednosti, smatramo da savremeni laringolog-hirurg treba da poznaje i koristi i klasičnu mikrolaringoskopiju i ambulantne hirurške tehnike u zavisnosti od kliničkog scenarija.
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