PRELOMI DIJAFIZE TIBIJE
Sažetak
Prelomi dijafize tibije su česti prelomi dugih kostiju. Otvoreni prelomi su česti kod tibijalnih preloma, često su povezani sa teškim povredama kostiju i mekih tkiva. Lečenje započinje pažljivom procenom pacijenta i povrede tibije. Patofiziologija preloma tibije može varirati, ovisno o mehanizmu povrede. Povrede mogu biti uzrokovane direktnom i indirektnom silom. Sport, saobraćajne nezgode i padovi česti su uzroci povrede. Otvoreni prelomi su češći kod muškaraca i često zahtevaju hitno lečenje.
Klasifikacija preloma koristi se za procenu težine povrede. Postoje različite klasifikacije, kao što je Gustilo-Anderson klasifikacija za otvorene prelome i Tscherne i Gotzen klasifikacija za zatvorene prelome. Lečenje može biti neoperativno ili operativno, zavisno o stepenu dislokacije i stanju mekih tkiva. Komplikacije preloma tibije uključuju nezarastanje, zarastanje u lošoj poziciji, infekcije, poremećaj cirkulacije i kompartment sindrom.
Pravilno dijagnostikovanje i odgovarajuće lečenje su ključni za postizanje povoljnih ishoda i smanjenje komplikacija kod preloma dijafize tibije. Pacijenti obično pokazuju poboljšanje funkcije tokom nekoliko meseci nakon povrede, ali neki mogu iskusiti bol i razvoj posttraumatskih artroza u dugoročnom periodu. Stoga je neophodan pažljiv pristup proceni i lečenju pacijenata sa prelomom tibije.
Reference
1. Court-Brown CM, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: A review. Injury. 2006 Aug;37(8):691-7.
2. Gustilo RB, Simpson L, Nixon R, Ruiz A, Indeck W. Analysis of 511 open fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1969 Sep-Oct;66:148-54.
3. Melvin JS, Dombroski DG, Torbert JT, Kovach SJ, Esterhai JL, Mehta S. Open tibial shaft fractures: I. Evaluation and initial wound management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010 Jan;18(1):10-9.
4. Kojima KE, Ferreira RV. Tibial shaft fractures. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Dec 6;46(2):130-5.
5. Song P, Pu LLQ. The Soleus Muscle Flap: An Overview of Its Clinical Applications for Lower Extremity Reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2018 Dec;81(6S Suppl 1):S109-S116.
6. Bezstarosti H, Van Lieshout EMM, Voskamp LW, Kortram K, Obremskey W, McNally, et al. Insights into treatment and outcome of fracture-related infection: a systematic literature review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2019 Jan;139(1):61–72.
7. Kazley J, Jahangir A. Tibia Diaphyseal Fracture. 2022 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;2023 Jan.
8. Wennergren D, Bergdahl C, Ekelund J, Juto H, Sundfeldt M, Möller M. Epidemiology and incidence of tibia fractures in the Swedish Fracture Register. Injury. 2018 Nov;49(11):2068-2074.
9. Weiss RJ, Montgomery SM, Ehlin A, Al Dabbagh Z, Stark A, Jansson KA. Decreasing incidence of tibial shaft fractures between 1998 and 2004: information based on 10,627 Swedish inpatients. Acta Orthop.2008 Aug;79(4):526-33.
10. Larsen P, Elsoe R, Hansen SH, Graven-Nielsen T, Laessoe U, Rasmussen S. Incidence and epidemiology of tibial shaft fractures. Injury.2015 Apr;46(4):746-50.
11. Wood AM, Robertson GAJ, MacLeod K, Porter A, Court-Brown CM. Epidemiology of open fractures in sport: One centre's 15-year retrospective study. World J Orthop. 2017 Jul 18;8(7):545-52.
12. Stella M, Santolini E, Sanguineti F, Felli L, Vicenti G, Bizzoca D, et al. Aetiology of trauma-related acute compartment syndrome of the leg: A systematic review. Injury. 2019 Jul;50 Suppl 2:S57-S64.
13. Rounds AD, Burtt KE, Leland HA, Alluri RK, Badash I, Patel KM, et al. Functional outcomes of traumatic lower extremity reconstruction. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2019 Jan-Feb;10(1):178-81.
14. Bauer J, Orendi I, Ladenhauf HN, Neubauer T. Bony knee injuries in childhood and adolescence. Unfallchirurg.2019 Jan;122(1):6-16.
15. Zhang Z, Swanson WB, Wang YH, Lin W, Wang G. Infection-free rates and Sequelae predict factors in bone transportation for infected tibia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord.2018 Dec 13;19(1):442.
16. Müller ME, Nazarian S, Koch P. Classification AO des fractures. Tome I. Les os longs. 1st Ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1987 p. 148-191.
17. Tscherne HG, Gotzen L. Fractures with soft tissue injuries. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1984.
18. Tscherne H, Oestern HJ. "A new classification of soft-tissue damage in open and closed fractures". Unfallheilkunde.1982 85 (3).
19. Diwan A, Eberlin KR, Smith RM. The principles and practice of open fracture care, 2018. Chin J Traumatol. 2018 Aug;21(4):187-92.
20. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989 Jun;(243):36-40.
21. Coles CP, Gross M. Closed tibial shaft fractures: management and treatment complications. A review of the prospective literature. Canadian Journal of Surgery 2000;43(4):256‐62.
22. O'Dwyer KJ, DeVriese L, Feys H, Vercruysse L. Tibial shaft fractures with an intact fibula. Injury 1993;24(9):591‐4.
23. Anderson LD, Hutchins WC, Wright PE, Disney JM. Fractures of the tibia and fibula treated by casts and transfixing pins. Clin Orthop Relat Res.1974 Nov-Dec;(105):179-91.
24. Raju K, Smith TO, Hing CB, Solan MC, Nielsen DM. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating tibial shaft fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018(4): CD011095.
25. Dandy DJ, Edwards DJ. Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma. 4th Edition. Oxford: Churchill Livingstone 2003 Oct;27(5): 322.
26. Duan X, Al‐Qwbani M, Zeng Y, Zhang W, Xiang Z. Intramedullary nailing for tibial shaft fractures in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012 Jan 18;1:CD008241.
27. Gardner MJ, Toro‐Arbelaez JB, Hansen M,Boraiah S, Lorich DG, Helfet DL. Surgical treatment and outcomes of extraarticular proximal tibial nonunions. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2008;128(8):833‐9.
28. Ko SJ, OʼBrien PJ, Guy P, Broekhuyse HM, Blachut PA, Lefaivre KA. Trajectory of Short- and Long-Term Recovery of Tibial Shaft Fractures After Intramedullary Nail Fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Oct;31(10):559-63.
29. Swart E, Lasceski C, Latario L, Jo J, Nguyen UDT. Modern treatment of tibial shaft fractures: Is there a role today for closed treatment? Injury. 2021 Jun;52(6):1522-8.
30. Connelly CL, Bucknall V, Jenkins PJ, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, Biant LC. Outcome at 12 to 22 years of 1502 tibial shaft fractures.Bone Joint J. 2014 Oct;96-B(10):1370-7.
31. Lefaivre KA, Guy P, Chan H, Blachut PA. Long-term follow-up of tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma. 2008 Sep;22(8):525-9.
32. Tian R, Zheng F, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Zhang B, et al. Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture:systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020 Sep 3;15(1):377.
33. O'Halloran K, Coale M, Costales T, Zerhusen T, Castillo RC, Nascone JW. Will My Tibial Fracture Heal? Predicting Nonunion at the Time of Definitive Fixation Based on Commonly Available Variables.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016 Jun;474(6):1385-95.
34. Zura R, Watson JT, Einhorn T, Mehta S, Della Rocca GJ, Xiong Z. An inception cohort analysis to predict nonunion in tibia and 17 other fracture locations. Injury. 2017;48(6):1194–203.
35. Maini L, Chadha M, Vishwanath J, Kapoor S, Mehtani A, Dhaon BK. The Ilizarov method in infected nonunion of fractures.Injury. 2000 Sep;31(7):509-17.
36. Patel I, Young J, Washington A, Vaidya R. Malunion of the Tibia: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Mar 5;58(3):389.
37. Marti RK, Kerkhoffs GM, Rademakers MV. Correction of lateral tibial plateau depression and valgus malunion of the proximal tibia. Oper Orthop Traumatol.2007 Mar;19(1):101-13.
38. Johnson KD. Management of malunion and nonunion of the tibia. Orthop Clin North Am. 1987 Jan;18(1):157-71.
39. Rodríguez-Zamorano P, García-Coiradas J, Galán-Olleros M, Marcelo Aznar H, Alcobia-Díaz B, Llanos S, et al. Suprapatellar tibial nailing, why have we changed? Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol. 2022 May-Jun;66(3):159-69.
40. Willis RB, Rorabeck CH. Treatment of compartment syndrome in children. Orthop Clin North Am.1990 Apr;21(2):401-12.
41. Bae DS, Kadiyala RK, Waters PM. Acute compartment syndrome in children: contemporary diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.J Pediatr Orthop.2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):680-8.
42. Khatod M, Botte MJ,Hoyt DB, Meyer RS, Smith JM, Akeson WH. Outcomes in open tibia fractures: relationship between delay in treatment and infection. J Trauma. 2003 Nov;55(5):949-54.
43. Rittmann WW, Schibli M, Matter P, Allgower M. Open fractures: long-term results in 200 consecutive cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979 Jan-Feb;(138):132-40.
44. Yokoyama K, Itoman M, Shindo M. Contributing factors influencing type III open tibial fracture. J Trauma.1995;38:788-93.
45. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J, Moore TM. Consideration in reducing the infection rate in open tibial fractures. Clin Orthop.1983;178:36-41.