ZNAČAJ ZAPALJENSKOG PROCESA U PATOGENEZI, DIJAGNOZI I TERAPIJI ATEROSKLEROZE
Sažetak
Ateroskleroza je hronična bolest čija progresija kreće od rođenja. Osnovni supstrat aterosklerotske lezije je deponovanje lipida u intimu krvnog suda, što ima za rezultat postupno suženje i otežan protok krvi kroz tkiva. Kliničke manifestacije aterosklerotskog procesa su brojne i one zavise od stepena suženja i brzine nastanka stenoze. Kliničke manifestacije koje su najčešće predstavljaju posledicu rupture aterosklerotskog plaka što aktivira proces trombogeneze i dovodi do razvoja začepljenja krvnih sudova. Najznačajniji faktori rizika za aterosklerozu su povišeni LDL, smanjeni HDL, upotreba cigareta, hipertenzija, tip II diabetes mellitus, starost, porodična anamneza koja se vezuje za kardiovaskularne bolesti kod rođaka u prvoj liniji (muškarci mlađi od 55 godina, žene mlađe od 65 godina). Kada se posmatraju blagi oblici ateroskleroze, uglavnom nemaju nikakve simptome. A kod uznapredovale ateroskleroze javljaju se vidljivi i osetni simptomi koji variraju u zavisnosti od toga koju arteriju zahvata. Neki od njih su: bol u grudima – izaziva ga ateroskleroza u srčanim arterijama, akutna ishemija mozga ili šlog – izaziva ih ateroskleroza u arterijama koje vode do mozga, poteškoće sa hodanjem – sužene arterije u nogama, povišen krvni pritisak, zatajenje bubrega, erektilna disfunkcija kod muškaraca i bolni odnosi kod žena – ateroskleroza u arterijama genitalnog trakta. Cilj ovog rada jeste adekvatno istražiti i prikazati vezu između inflamacije i ateroskleroze.
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