ZNAČAJ PROCJENE DEFORMACIJE LIJEVE PRETKOMORE U PEDIJATRIJSKOJ POPULACIJI
Ključne reči:
lijeva pretkomora, ehokardiografija, srčane bolesti
Sažetak
Klinički ishod hronične mitralne regurgitacije (MR) kod djece i adolescenata, odnosno koliko je vremena potrebno MR da razvije signifikantne promjene u konfiguraciji i funkciji lijeve pretkomore (LP) je prilično neispitana oblast. Postoje brojni ehokardiografski parametri koji pokazuju značajne promjene u veličini, zapremini i funkcionalnom ponašanju LP, ali nemaju mogućnost rane i fine detekcije disfunkcije LP. Analiza deformacije (eng. strain) LP predstavlja noviju neinvazivnu tehniku za procjenu funkcije LP i rano otkrivanje njene deformacije i disfunkcije. U analizi pacijenata sa hroničnom i značajnom MR, nameće se kao metoda koja bi mogla verificirati rane deformacione, funkcionalne i eventualno fibrozne promene LP i na taj način prejudicirati poremećaje ritma i kliničke manifestacije. Ovaj revijalni rad vezan je za strain analizu funkcije LP koja bi mogla da ima značajnu prognostičku i kliničku implikaciju u pedijatrijskoj kardiologiji i trebala bi biti od velike pomoći u odluci kada treba započeti liječenje MR.
Reference
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2. Douedi S, Douedi H. Mitral Regurgitation. 2023 Apr 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 31985928.
3. Bouwmeester S, van Loon T, Ploeg M, Mast TP, Verzaal NJ, van Middendorp LB, et al. Left atrial remodeling in mitral regurgitation: A combined experimental-computational study. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 15;17(7):e0271588.
4. Hagendorff A, Knebel F, Helfen A, Stöbe S, Haghi D, Ruf T, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of mitral regurgitation: discussion of practical and methodologic aspects of severity quantification to improve diagnostic conclusiveness. Clin Res Cardiol. 2021 Nov;110(11):1704-1733.
5. Prakash R, Horsfall M, Markwick A, Pumar M, Lee L, Sinhal A, et al. Prognostic impact of moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) irrespective of concomitant comorbidities: a retrospective matched cohort study. BMJ Open. 2014 Jul 17;4(7):e004984.
6. Binder TM, Rosenhek R, Porenta G, Maurer G, Baumgartner H. Improved assessment of mitral valve stenosis by volumetric real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Oct;36(4):1355-61.
7. Mazumdar P, Shrivastava P, Vidyapati, Das M. Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI): An Important Parameter for Risk and Stroke Subtype Prediction. J Assoc Physicians India. 2021 Oct;69(10):11-12.
8. Toufan M, Kazemi B, Molazadeh N. The significance of the left atrial volume index in prediction of atrial fibrillation recurrence after electrical cardioversion. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2017;9(1):54-59.
9. Saklecha A, Kapoor A, Sahu A, Khanna R, Kumar S, Garg N, et al. Is Indexed Left Atrial Volume (LAVi) in Indian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing revascularization a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes? Ann Card Anaesth. 2022 Jan-Mar;25(1):19-25.
10. Matsuura H, Yamada A, Sugimoto K, Sugimoto K, Iwase M, Ishikawa T, et al. Clinical implication of LAVI over A' ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Heart Asia. 2018 Jun 28;10(2):e011038.
11. Ghelani SJ, Brown DW, Kuebler JD, Perrin D, Shakti D, Williams DN, et al. Left atrial volumes and strain in healthy children measured by three-dimensional echocardiography: normal values and maturational changes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2018 Feb 1;31(2):187-93.
12. Pathan F, D'Elia N, Nolan MT, Marwick TH, Negishi K. Normal ranges of left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017 Jan 1;30(1):59-70.
13. Donal E, Galli E, Schnell F. Left atrial strain: a must or a plus for routine clinical practice?. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017 Oct;10(10):e007023.
14. Hauser R, Nielsen AB, Skaarup KG, Lassen MC, Duus LS, Johansen ND, et al. Left atrial strain predicts incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2022 Jan 1;23(1):52-60.
15. Cameli M, Pastore MC, Righini FM, Mandoli GE, D’Ascenzi F, Lisi M, et al. Prognostic value of left atrial strain in patients with moderate asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2019 Sep 1;35:1597-604.
16. Gomes DA, Lopes PM, Freitas P, Albuquerque F, Reis C, Guerreiro S, et al. Peak left atrial longitudinal strain is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with ventricular functional mitral regurgitation. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2023 May 6;21(1):9.
17. Jimbo S, Noto N, Okuma H, Kato M, Komori A, Ayusawa M, Morioka I. Normal reference values for left atrial strains and strain rates in school children assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Heart Vessels. 2020;35(9):1270-80.
18. Vieira MJ, Teixeira R, Gonçalves L, Gersh BJ. Left atrial mechanics: echocardiographic assessment and clinical implications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(5):463-78.
19. Fei M, Li M, Ran H, Sheng Z, Dong J, Zhang P. Four‐dimensional quantification on left atrial volume‐strain in coronary heart disease patients without regional wall motion abnormalities: Correlation with the severity of coronary stenosis. Echocardiography. 2022 ;39(6):758-67.
20. Kowallick JT, Kutty S, Edelmann F, Chiribiri A, Villa A, Steinmetz M, et ač. Quantification of left atrial strain and strain rate using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance myocardial feature tracking: a feasibility study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16(1):60.
21. Gan GCH, Ferkh A, Boyd A, Thomas L. Left atrial function: evaluation by strain analysis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(1):29-46.
22. Shin SH, Claggett B, Inciardi RM, Santos AB, Shah SJ, Zile MR, et al. Prognostic value of minimal left atrial volume in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Aug 3;10(15):e019545.
23. Alfuhied A, Kanagala P, McCann GP, Singh A. Multi-modality assessment and role of left atrial function as an imaging biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;37(11):3355-69.
24. .Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Nistor D, Lisi E, Massoni A, Crudele F, et al. Left heart longitudinal deformation analysis in mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Nov;34:1741-51.
25. Rausch K, Scalia GM, Sato K, Edwards N, Lam AK, Platts DG, et al. Left atrial strain imaging differentiates cardiac amyloidosis and hypertensive heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jan;37:81-90.
26. Costa J, Bichon L, Maouche A, Durdon P, Pouy R, Robbins A. Evaluation of Perugini score and myocardial mass and voltage abnormalities in transthyretine cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 1;42(1):ehab724-1807.
27. Halfmann MC, Altmann S, Schoepf UJ, Reichardt C, Hennermann JB, Kreitner KF, et al. Left atrial strain correlates with severity of cardiac involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur radiol. 2023 Mar;33(3):2039-51.
28. Cameli M, Lisi M, Giacomin E, Caputo M, Navarri R, Malandrino A, et al. Chronic mitral regurgitation: Left atrial deformation analysis by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2011 Mar;28(3):327-34.
29. Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Nistor D, Lisi E, Massoni A, Crudele F, et al. Left heart longitudinal deformation analysis in mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Nov;34:1741-51.
30. Her AY, Choi EY, Shim CY, Song BW, Lee S, Ha JW, et al. Prediction of left atrial fibrosis with speckle tracking echocardiography in mitral valve disease: a comparative study with histopathology. Korean Circ J. 2012 May 1;42(5):311-8.
31. Sabatino J, Di Salvo G, Prota C, Bucciarelli V, Josen M, Paredes J, et al. Left atrial strain to identify diastolic dysfunction in children with cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 17;8(8):1243.
32. Jhaveri S, Komarlu R, Worley S, Shahbah D, Gurumoorthi M, Zahka K. Left atrial strain and function in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021 Sep 1;34(9):996-1006.
33. Alis D, Asmakutlu O, Topel C, Karaarslan E. Diagnostic value of left atrial strain in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with normal maximum left atrial volume index: Preliminary cardiac magnetic resonance study. Pediatric Radiol. 2021 Apr;51:594-604.
34. Gaitonde M, Ziebell D, Kelleman MS, Cox DE, Lipinski J, Border WL, et al. COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children affects left ventricular function and global strain compared with Kawasaki disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020 Oct 1;33(10):1285-7.
35. Kobayashi R, Dionne A, Ferraro A, Harrild D, Newburger J, VanderPluym C, et al. Detailed assessment of left ventricular function in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, using strain analysis. CJC open. 2021 Jul 1;3(7):880-7.
36. He M, Leone DM, Frye R, Ferdman DJ, Shabanova V, Kosiv KA, et al. Longitudinal assessment of global and regional left ventricular strain in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Apr 1:1-1.
37. Sanil Y, Misra A, Safa R, Blake JM, Eddine AC, Balakrishnan P, et al. Echocardiographic indicators associated with adverse clinical course and cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with coronavirus disease 2019. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021 Aug 1;34(8):862-76.
38. Mahfouz RA, Dewedar A, Mostafa TM. Utility of left atrial stiffness in children with acute rheumatic fever: A speckle tracking echocardiography. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2016;7(472):2.
39. Nakanishi K, Jin Z, Russo C, Homma S, Elkind MS, Rundek T, et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with impaired left atrial reservoir function: A community-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Mar 1;24(4):392-8.
40. Penachio FM, Laurino RS, Watanabe A, de Fátima Diniz M, Sawamura KS, Lianza AC, et al. Left atrial strain by speckle-tracking: incremental role in diastolic assessment of pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Authorea Preprints. 2022 Sep 13.
41. Doan TT, Srivaths P, Liu A, Kevin Wilkes J, Idrovo A, Akcan-Arikan A, et al. Left ventricular strain and left atrial strain are impaired during hemodialysis in children. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Dec;37:3489-97.
42. Yang H, Huynh QL, Venn AJ, Dwyer T, Marwick TH. Associations of childhood and adult obesity with left ventricular structure and function. Int J Obes (London). 2017 Apr;41(4):560-8.
43. Steele JM, Urbina EM, Mazur WM, Khoury PR, Nagueh SF, Tretter JT, et al. Left atrial strain and diastolic function abnormalities in obese and type 2 diabetic adolescents and young adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Dec;19(1):1-9.
44. Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini FM, Massoni A, Natali BM, Focardi M, et al. Usefulness of atrial deformation analysis to predict left atrial fibrosis and endocardial thickness in patients undergoing mitral valve operations for severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 2013 Feb 15;111(4):595-601.
2. Douedi S, Douedi H. Mitral Regurgitation. 2023 Apr 7. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 31985928.
3. Bouwmeester S, van Loon T, Ploeg M, Mast TP, Verzaal NJ, van Middendorp LB, et al. Left atrial remodeling in mitral regurgitation: A combined experimental-computational study. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 15;17(7):e0271588.
4. Hagendorff A, Knebel F, Helfen A, Stöbe S, Haghi D, Ruf T, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of mitral regurgitation: discussion of practical and methodologic aspects of severity quantification to improve diagnostic conclusiveness. Clin Res Cardiol. 2021 Nov;110(11):1704-1733.
5. Prakash R, Horsfall M, Markwick A, Pumar M, Lee L, Sinhal A, et al. Prognostic impact of moderate or severe mitral regurgitation (MR) irrespective of concomitant comorbidities: a retrospective matched cohort study. BMJ Open. 2014 Jul 17;4(7):e004984.
6. Binder TM, Rosenhek R, Porenta G, Maurer G, Baumgartner H. Improved assessment of mitral valve stenosis by volumetric real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Oct;36(4):1355-61.
7. Mazumdar P, Shrivastava P, Vidyapati, Das M. Left Atrial Volume Index (LAVI): An Important Parameter for Risk and Stroke Subtype Prediction. J Assoc Physicians India. 2021 Oct;69(10):11-12.
8. Toufan M, Kazemi B, Molazadeh N. The significance of the left atrial volume index in prediction of atrial fibrillation recurrence after electrical cardioversion. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2017;9(1):54-59.
9. Saklecha A, Kapoor A, Sahu A, Khanna R, Kumar S, Garg N, et al. Is Indexed Left Atrial Volume (LAVi) in Indian Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing revascularization a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes? Ann Card Anaesth. 2022 Jan-Mar;25(1):19-25.
10. Matsuura H, Yamada A, Sugimoto K, Sugimoto K, Iwase M, Ishikawa T, et al. Clinical implication of LAVI over A' ratio in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Heart Asia. 2018 Jun 28;10(2):e011038.
11. Ghelani SJ, Brown DW, Kuebler JD, Perrin D, Shakti D, Williams DN, et al. Left atrial volumes and strain in healthy children measured by three-dimensional echocardiography: normal values and maturational changes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2018 Feb 1;31(2):187-93.
12. Pathan F, D'Elia N, Nolan MT, Marwick TH, Negishi K. Normal ranges of left atrial strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. . J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017 Jan 1;30(1):59-70.
13. Donal E, Galli E, Schnell F. Left atrial strain: a must or a plus for routine clinical practice?. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. 2017 Oct;10(10):e007023.
14. Hauser R, Nielsen AB, Skaarup KG, Lassen MC, Duus LS, Johansen ND, et al. Left atrial strain predicts incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2022 Jan 1;23(1):52-60.
15. Cameli M, Pastore MC, Righini FM, Mandoli GE, D’Ascenzi F, Lisi M, et al. Prognostic value of left atrial strain in patients with moderate asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2019 Sep 1;35:1597-604.
16. Gomes DA, Lopes PM, Freitas P, Albuquerque F, Reis C, Guerreiro S, et al. Peak left atrial longitudinal strain is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with ventricular functional mitral regurgitation. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2023 May 6;21(1):9.
17. Jimbo S, Noto N, Okuma H, Kato M, Komori A, Ayusawa M, Morioka I. Normal reference values for left atrial strains and strain rates in school children assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Heart Vessels. 2020;35(9):1270-80.
18. Vieira MJ, Teixeira R, Gonçalves L, Gersh BJ. Left atrial mechanics: echocardiographic assessment and clinical implications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(5):463-78.
19. Fei M, Li M, Ran H, Sheng Z, Dong J, Zhang P. Four‐dimensional quantification on left atrial volume‐strain in coronary heart disease patients without regional wall motion abnormalities: Correlation with the severity of coronary stenosis. Echocardiography. 2022 ;39(6):758-67.
20. Kowallick JT, Kutty S, Edelmann F, Chiribiri A, Villa A, Steinmetz M, et ač. Quantification of left atrial strain and strain rate using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance myocardial feature tracking: a feasibility study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16(1):60.
21. Gan GCH, Ferkh A, Boyd A, Thomas L. Left atrial function: evaluation by strain analysis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(1):29-46.
22. Shin SH, Claggett B, Inciardi RM, Santos AB, Shah SJ, Zile MR, et al. Prognostic value of minimal left atrial volume in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Aug 3;10(15):e019545.
23. Alfuhied A, Kanagala P, McCann GP, Singh A. Multi-modality assessment and role of left atrial function as an imaging biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;37(11):3355-69.
24. .Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Nistor D, Lisi E, Massoni A, Crudele F, et al. Left heart longitudinal deformation analysis in mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Nov;34:1741-51.
25. Rausch K, Scalia GM, Sato K, Edwards N, Lam AK, Platts DG, et al. Left atrial strain imaging differentiates cardiac amyloidosis and hypertensive heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jan;37:81-90.
26. Costa J, Bichon L, Maouche A, Durdon P, Pouy R, Robbins A. Evaluation of Perugini score and myocardial mass and voltage abnormalities in transthyretine cardiac amyloidosis. Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 1;42(1):ehab724-1807.
27. Halfmann MC, Altmann S, Schoepf UJ, Reichardt C, Hennermann JB, Kreitner KF, et al. Left atrial strain correlates with severity of cardiac involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease. Eur radiol. 2023 Mar;33(3):2039-51.
28. Cameli M, Lisi M, Giacomin E, Caputo M, Navarri R, Malandrino A, et al. Chronic mitral regurgitation: Left atrial deformation analysis by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography. 2011 Mar;28(3):327-34.
29. Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Nistor D, Lisi E, Massoni A, Crudele F, et al. Left heart longitudinal deformation analysis in mitral regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Nov;34:1741-51.
30. Her AY, Choi EY, Shim CY, Song BW, Lee S, Ha JW, et al. Prediction of left atrial fibrosis with speckle tracking echocardiography in mitral valve disease: a comparative study with histopathology. Korean Circ J. 2012 May 1;42(5):311-8.
31. Sabatino J, Di Salvo G, Prota C, Bucciarelli V, Josen M, Paredes J, et al. Left atrial strain to identify diastolic dysfunction in children with cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 17;8(8):1243.
32. Jhaveri S, Komarlu R, Worley S, Shahbah D, Gurumoorthi M, Zahka K. Left atrial strain and function in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021 Sep 1;34(9):996-1006.
33. Alis D, Asmakutlu O, Topel C, Karaarslan E. Diagnostic value of left atrial strain in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with normal maximum left atrial volume index: Preliminary cardiac magnetic resonance study. Pediatric Radiol. 2021 Apr;51:594-604.
34. Gaitonde M, Ziebell D, Kelleman MS, Cox DE, Lipinski J, Border WL, et al. COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children affects left ventricular function and global strain compared with Kawasaki disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020 Oct 1;33(10):1285-7.
35. Kobayashi R, Dionne A, Ferraro A, Harrild D, Newburger J, VanderPluym C, et al. Detailed assessment of left ventricular function in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, using strain analysis. CJC open. 2021 Jul 1;3(7):880-7.
36. He M, Leone DM, Frye R, Ferdman DJ, Shabanova V, Kosiv KA, et al. Longitudinal assessment of global and regional left ventricular strain in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Apr 1:1-1.
37. Sanil Y, Misra A, Safa R, Blake JM, Eddine AC, Balakrishnan P, et al. Echocardiographic indicators associated with adverse clinical course and cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with coronavirus disease 2019. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021 Aug 1;34(8):862-76.
38. Mahfouz RA, Dewedar A, Mostafa TM. Utility of left atrial stiffness in children with acute rheumatic fever: A speckle tracking echocardiography. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2016;7(472):2.
39. Nakanishi K, Jin Z, Russo C, Homma S, Elkind MS, Rundek T, et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with impaired left atrial reservoir function: A community-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Mar 1;24(4):392-8.
40. Penachio FM, Laurino RS, Watanabe A, de Fátima Diniz M, Sawamura KS, Lianza AC, et al. Left atrial strain by speckle-tracking: incremental role in diastolic assessment of pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Authorea Preprints. 2022 Sep 13.
41. Doan TT, Srivaths P, Liu A, Kevin Wilkes J, Idrovo A, Akcan-Arikan A, et al. Left ventricular strain and left atrial strain are impaired during hemodialysis in children. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Dec;37:3489-97.
42. Yang H, Huynh QL, Venn AJ, Dwyer T, Marwick TH. Associations of childhood and adult obesity with left ventricular structure and function. Int J Obes (London). 2017 Apr;41(4):560-8.
43. Steele JM, Urbina EM, Mazur WM, Khoury PR, Nagueh SF, Tretter JT, et al. Left atrial strain and diastolic function abnormalities in obese and type 2 diabetic adolescents and young adults. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Dec;19(1):1-9.
44. Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini FM, Massoni A, Natali BM, Focardi M, et al. Usefulness of atrial deformation analysis to predict left atrial fibrosis and endocardial thickness in patients undergoing mitral valve operations for severe mitral regurgitation secondary to mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 2013 Feb 15;111(4):595-601.
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