Humani mikrobiom: patofiziološki i klinički aspekti

Irena Aranđelović

doi:10.5937/mp76-62557

Irena Aranđelović Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp76-62557

Sažetak

Trilioni mikroorganizama koji žive u i na telu čoveka, njihovi geni i metaboliti, jednim imenom nazvani humani mikrobiom, danas su prepoznati kao aktivni učesnici u gotovo svakom aspektu ljudske biologije. Ovaj raznovrstan i dinamičan ekosistem funkcioniše poput skrivenog organa i duboko je integrisan u fiziologiju i očuvanje zdravlja čoveka. Tokom poslednje dve decenije humani mikrobiom, nekada pozicioniran u marginalnim sferama istraživanja, postao je centralna tema biomedicinskih nauka. Otkriće da mikrobne zajednice imaju ključnu ulogu ne samo u metabolisanju nutrijenata već i u modulaciji imunskog sistema, neuroendokrinoj komunikaciji i održavanju sistemske homeostaze, značajno je promenilo naše razumevanje zdravlja i bolesti. Koncept mikrobioma kao centralnog aktera u održavanju zdravlja i razvoju bolesti više se ne posmatra kao hipoteza već kao potvrđena naučna realnost koja transformiše savremenu medicinsku praksu.

Reference

1. Anthony WE, Burnham CD, Dantas G, Kwon JH. The Gut Microbiome as a Reservoir for Antimicrobial Resistance. J Infect Dis. 2021;223(12 Suppl 2):S209-S213.
2. Berg G, Rybakova D, Fischer D, Cernava T, Vergès MC, Charles T, et al. Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome. 2020;8(1):103.
3. Chu VT, Tsitsiklis A, Mick E, Ambroggio L, Kalantar KL, Glascock A, et al. The antibiotic resistance reservoir of the lung microbiome expands with age in a population of critically ill patients. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):92.
4. Damiani F, Cornuti S, Tognini P. The gut-brain connection: Exploring the influence of the gut microbiota on neuroplasticity and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropharmacology. 2023;231:109491.
5. Franzosa EA, Sirota-Madi A, Avila-Pacheco J, Fornelos N, Haiser HJ, Reinker S, et al. Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Microbiol. 2019;4(2):293-305.
6. Gilbert JA, Blaser MJ, Caporaso JG, Jansson JK, Lynch SV, Knight R. Current understanding of the human microbiome. Nat Med. 2018;24(4):392-400.
7. Halling AS, Fritz BG, Gerner T, Rinnov MR, Bay L, Knudgaard MH, et al. Reduced Skin Microbiome Diversity in Infancy Is Associated with Increased Risk of Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Children. J Invest Dermatol. 2023;143(10):2030-2038.e6.
8. Mirzayi C, Renson A; Genomic Standards Consortium; Massive Analysis and Quality Control Society; Zohra F, Elsafoury S, et al. Reporting guidelines for human microbiome research: the STORMS checklist. Nat Med. 2021;27(11):1885-1892.
9. Molina MA, Andralojc KM, Huynen MA, Leenders WPJ, Melchers WJG. In-depth insights into cervicovaginal microbial communities and hrHPV infections using high-resolution microbiome profiling. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2022;8(1):75.
10. Musso P, Chiappini E, Bernardini R. Human Microbiome and Allergic Diseases in Children: Pathogenetic Role and Therapeutic Options. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2020;16(2):89-94.
11. Perez-Carrasco V, Soriano-Lerma A, Soriano M, Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Garcia-Salcedo JA. Urinary Microbiome: Yin and Yang of the Urinary Tract. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:617002.
12. Ratiner K, Ciocan D, Abdeen SK, Elinav E. Utilization of the microbiome in personalized medicine. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2024;22(5):291-308.
13. Taniya MA, Chung HJ, Al Mamun A, Alam S, Aziz MA, Emon NU, et al. Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:915701.
14. Wheatley RM, Caballero JD, van der Schalk TE, De Winter FHR, Shaw LP, Kapel N, et al. Gut to lung translocation and antibiotic mediated selection shape the dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an ICU patient. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):6523.
15. Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(7):429-452.