THE IDEOLOGY OF „GREATER KOSOVO“ IN THE VISION OF ALBANIAN NARCO-TERRORIST CLANS
Abstract
The paper reviews the evolution of the ideology and the way of creating the Albanian state in the Balkans, from the moment when it did not exist at all (during the Ottoman Empire) until today, when Albanians live in an internationally recognized state (Republic of Albania) and in one self-proclaimed state (the so-called "Republic of Kosovo"). In that regard, this paper is based on two theses. According to the first, the focus of the original so-called state-building ideology about the need for all Albanians to live in one state, "Greater Albania", today is radically changed and diametrically opposed: "Kosovo Albanians" now do not want to join the Republic of Albania, but want an independent state - the so-called "Greater Kosovo", which would include parts of the territories of central Serbia, Montenegro, Northern Macedonia and Greece where Albanians live. The reason for the essential change of ideology is that the drug bosses of Albanian criminal clans that control the territory of Kosmet, and who were previously commanders of Albanian terrorist organizations, want their own "drug state", in which they would control all social flows and enjoy immunity from criminal prosecution. The second thesis on which this paper is based is that the attack on the Albanian mafia is at the same time a blow to the so-called quasi-statehood of the so-called Republic of Kosovo, ie on the levers of financial power, which is the backing for political power and international support for the so-called Republic of Kosovo.
References
Albanski terorizam i organizovani kriminal na Kosovu i Metohiji (2003). Beograd: Vlada Republike Srbije. Retrieved June 16, 2020, from https://www.srbija.gov.rs/kosovo-metohija/?id=19991.
Antonijević, N. (2005). Albanski zločini nad Srbima u italijanskoj zoni na Kosovu i Metohiji u Drugom svetskom ratu. In Genocid u XX veku na prostorima jugoslovenskih zemalja (pp. 157–166). Kragujevac: Muzej žrtava genocida.
Avramovski, Ž. (1989). Borba i nagodbe o Kosovu i Albaniji. In Kosovo: prošlost i sadašnjost (pp. 71–86). Beograd: Međunarodna politika.
Avramovski, Ž. (1989). Odnosi na Balkanu i stvaranje albanske države. In: Kosovo: prošlost i sadašnjost (pp. 61–68). Beograd: Međunarodna politika.
Borozan, Đ. (1997). Kosovo i Metohija u projekcijama velikoalbanske ideologije, strategije i propagande. In Kosovo i Metohija: izazovi i odgovori. Beograd: Institut za geopolitičke studije.
Community Level Recommendations for Preventing Violent Extremism in Kosovo (2017). Pristina: UNDP Kosovo.
Ćirić, J. (2008). Kosovo i Metohija: idealno mesto za organizovani kriminal. In Kosmet: Gordijev čvor (pp. 193–215). Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo.
Đorđević, O. (1987). Osnovi državne bezbednosti. Beograd: VŠUP.
Đurić, S. (2011). Bezbednosna arhitektura i problemi posleratnog Kosova i Metohije kao izazov regionalnoj bezbednosti. NBP: Nauka, bezbednost, policija, 16(2), 133–148.
Early Warning Report Kosovo: Report No. 17 (2007). United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadk245.pdf.
Garabedjan, A. (2007). Albanski secesionizam devedesetih godina XX veka. In Kosovo i Metohija: prošlost, sadašnjost, budućnost. Beograd: Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti.
Hasani, S. (1989). Šovinističke i separatističke organizacije na Kosovu i njihova povezanost sa inostranim centrima. In Kosovo: prošlost i sadašnjost (pp. 209–218). Beograd: Međunarodna politika.
Hilaj, A. (2013). The Albanian national question and the myth of Greater Albania. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 26(3), 393–413.
Independent International Commission on Kosovo: The Kosovo Report (2015). Retrieved February 10, 2018, from http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/F62789D9FCC56FB3C1256C1700303E3Bthekosovoreport.htm.
Jensen L (2020). Kosovo: A young democracy grapples with violent extremism. In Democracy Speaks. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://www.democracyspeaks.org/blog/kosovo-young-democracy-grapples-violent-extremism.
Kešetović, M. (1988). Drama na Kosovu. Beograd: Naučna knjiga.
Kosovo and Serbia after the ICJ Opinion. Europe Report N°206, (2010). Pristina/Belgrade/Brussels: International Crisis Group.
Krstić, B. (1994). Kosovo: između istorijskog i etničkog prava. Beograd: Kuća Vid.
Lazić, S. (2019, 15. maj). Kosova i Metohije se ne možemo odreći: intervju sa akademikom Ljubodragom Dimićem. Pravoslavlje. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from http://pravoslavlje.spc.rs/pdf/52.pdf.
Lukovic, M. (2000). Kryzys kosowski oczima serbów. According to: Garabedjan, A. (2007). Албански сецесионизам деведесетих година XX века. In Косово и Метохија: прошлост, садашњост, будућност. Београд: Српска академија наука и уметности.
Makarenko, T. (2004). The crime-terror continuum: Tracing the interplay between transnational organised crime and terrorism. Global Crime, 6(1), 129–145.
Mijalković, S., & Đinović, R. (2008). Simbioza organizovanog kriminala, terorizma i politike na Kosovu i Metohiji kao izazov i pretnja nacionalnoj i regionalnoj bezbednosti. In Kosmet: Gordijev čvor (pp. 167–192). Beograd: Institut za uporedno pravo.
Mijalković, S., & Amidžić, G. (2012). Ekstremni nacionalizam i bezbednost savremenog društva. Sociološki pregled, 46(3), 367–386.
Mijalković, S., & Popović, M. (2016). Uvod u studije bezbednosti: metodološko-istraživačke i teorijske osnove bezbednosti. Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija.
Pavlović, M., Bondžić, D., Gatalović, M., Pantelić, I., Antonić, G., & Milikić, R. (2012). Kosovo i Metohija: vek važnih događaja: 1912‒2012. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, Centar za istraživanje i publikovanja.
Pavlović, M., & Marković, P. (2006). Kosovo i Metohija: prošlost, pamćenje, stvarnost. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, Preporod.
Petković, M. (1997). Kolevka Srbije. Beograd: Kalekom.
Kosovo Specialist Chambers & Specialist Prosecutor’s Office. (2020, June 24). Press Statement. Retrieved June 25, 2020, from https://www.scp-ks.org/en/press-statement.
Procena pretnje od teškog i organizovanog kriminala. (2015). Beograd: Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije.
Public Pulse Analysis on Prevention of Violent Extremism in Kosovo. (2017). Pristina: USAID−UNDP.
Rama, E. (2014). Twitter status. Retrieved October 29, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ediramaal/status/523159844761915393.
Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalisation. Europe Report N°223 (2013). Pristina/Belgrade/Brussels: International Crisis Group.
Slovenia's lobbying for recognition of Kosovo is a surprise for Serbia. (2018, February 19). Retrieved June 19, 2020, from http://www.srbija.gov.rs/vesti/vest.php?id=314451.
SOCTA 2017 – European Union Serious and Organized Crime Threat Assessment. (2017). Hague: European Police Office – EUROPOL.
Stevanović, O. (2015). Kumanovski sporazum. Beograd: Kriminalističko-policijska akademija.
Stevanović, O., Mijalković, S., Subošić, D., & Mlađan, D. (2012). Prevencija etnički motivisanog terorizma u Republici Srbiji: studija slučaja „Bujanovac, Preševo i Medveđa”. Teme – časopis za društvene nauke, 36(4), 1701–1717.
Strateška procena javne bezbednosti. (2017). Beograd: Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije.
Strazzari, F. (2008). L’oeuvre au noir : The shadow economy of Kosovo’s independence. International Peacekeeping, 15(2), 155–170.
The Kosovo Report: Conflict – International Response – Lessons Learned. (2000). The Independent International Commission on Kosovo. New York: Oxford University Press.
The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved June, 19, 2020, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_kv.html