Faktori rizika za osećaj anksioznosti kod zdravstvenih radnika u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti tokom COVID-19 pandemije:

Marina Fisekovic Kremic

doi:10.5937/opmed0-35725

Marina Fisekovic Kremic Dom zdravlja Novi Beograd

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/opmed0-35725

Ključne reči: COVID-19, zdravstveni radnici, anksioznost, faktori rizika

Sažetak

Uvod. Pandemija bolesti izazvane korona virusom
2019. (COVID-19) ubila je milione ljudi i pogodila čitav
svet, uključujući i Srbiju. Zdravstveni radnici ne mogu da se
izoluju od pacijenata. Rade u nepovoljnim i izazovnim uslovima,
što može dovesti do pojave mentalnih zdravstvenih
problema. Ova studija je imala za cilj da identifikuje faktore
rizika za osećaj anksioznosti kod zdravstvenih radnika koji
rade u Kovid ambulantama (KA) pri domovima zdravlja.
Metod. Ova studija preseka je sprovedena među zdravstvenim
radnicima iz KA. Za vreme perioda studije dobili
smo ukupno 150 popunjenih upitnika. Deskriptivna statistika,
Pirsonov hi- kvadrat test i Pirsonova korelacija iskorišćeni su
za analizu podataka. Koristili smo SPSS za analizu podataka.
Rezultati. Naš uzorak uključio je 150 zdravstvenih radnika
(ZR) od kojih je bilo 86,0% žena, većina su bili između
41–50 godina (40,0%) i imali su radnog staža između 21–30
godina (32,7%). U našem uzorku 94,6% ZR je izjavilo da
su dobili ličnu zaštitnu opremu (LZO). Rezultati su pokazali
značajnu povezanost samo između pola i osećaja anksioznosti.
Anksioznost je bila veća među ženama nego muškarcima.
Korelaciona analiza je ukazala da je osećanje anksioznosti
imalo pozitivnu korelaciju sa radnim opterećenjem, iscrpljenošću
i porodičnim opterećenjem. Osećanje anksioznosti nije
bilo povezano sa osećanjem zaštite. Osećaj zaštićenosti je bio
u negativnoj korelaciji sa porodičnim opterećenjem.
Zaključak. Osećaj anksioznost je bio prisutan kod ZR
za vreme pandemije. Pol je bio faktor rizika za anksioznost
kod ZR koji rade u KA u domovima zdravlja.

Reference

COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic.

Reported Cases and Deaths by Country,

Territory, or Conveyance. [cited

March ] Available from: https://www.

worldometers.info/coronavirus/ )

Saqlain M, Munir MM, Rehman SU,

et al. Knowledge, attitude, practice and

perceived barriers among healthcare

professionals regarding COVID-19: A

Cross-sectional survey from Pakistan. J

Hosp Infect. 2020;105(3):419–23.

Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, et al.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice

regarding COVID-19 among healthcare

workers in Henan, China. J Hosp Infect.

Jun;105(2):183-187. https://doi.org/

1016/j.jhin.2020.04.012.

Marvaldi M, Mallet J, Dubertret C, Moro

MR, Guessoum SB. Anxiety, depression,

trauma-related, and sleep disorders among

healthcare workers during the COVID-19

pandemic: A systematic review and metaanalysis.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral

Reviews. 2021 Jul 1;126:252-64. https://

doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.024

Salari N, Khazaie H, Hosseinian-Far

A, Khaledi-Paveh B, Kazeminia M,

Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S, Daneshkhah

A, Eskandari S. The prevalence of

stress, anxiety and depression within

front-line healthcare workers caring for

COVID-19 patients: a systematic review

and meta-regression. Human resources for

health. 2020 Dec;18(1):1-4. https://doi.

org/10.1186/s12960-020-00544-1

Bartoszko JJ, Farooqi MAM, Alhazzani W,

et al. Medical Masks vs N95 Respirators

for Preventing COVID-19 in Health Care

Workers – A Systematic Review and Meta-

Analysis of Randomized Trials. Influenza

Other Respir Viruses. 2020. https://doi.

org/10.1111/irv.12745).

Cherrie JW, Loh M, Aitken RJ. Protecting

healthcare workers from inhaled SARSCoV-

virus. Occup Med (Lond). 2020

Jul 17;70(5):335-337. https://doi:10.1093/

occmed/kqaa077. PMID: 32352523.

Ilesanmi OS, Afolabi AA, Akande

A, Raji T, Mohammed A. Infection

prevention and control during COVID-19

pandemic: realities from health care

workers in a north central state in

Nigeria. Epidemiology & Infection.

;149. https://doi.org/10.1017/

S0950268821000017

Maude RR, Jongdeepaisal M,

Skuntaniyom S, Muntajit T, Blacksell

SD, Khuenpetch W, Pan-Ngum W,

Taleangkaphan K, Malathum K, Maude

RJ. Improving knowledge, attitudes

and practice to prevent COVID-19

Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M.

Understanding and addressing sources of

anxiety among health care professionals

during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA.

;323(21):213–4.

Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting

the health care workforce during the

COVID-19 global epidemic. JAMA.

;323(15):1439–40.

Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, et al. Survey

of stress reactions among health care

workers involved with the SARS outbreak.

Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(9):1055-1057.

https://doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055

Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, et al.

Stress and psychological distress among

SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak.

Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-240.

https://doi:10.1177/070674370705200405.

Mahmood QK, Jafree SR, Jalil A, et

al. Anxiety amongst physicians during

COVID-19: cross-sectional study in

Pakistan. BMC public health. 2021

Dec;21(1):1-0. https://doi.org/10.1186/

s12889-020-10134-4

Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, et al. Mental

Health and Psychosocial Problems of

Medical Health Workers during the

COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychother

Psychosom. 2020;89(4):242-250. https://

doi:10.1159/000507639.

Elhadi M, Msherghi A, Elgzairi M, et

al. Psychological status of healthcare

workers during the civil war and

COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional

study. J Psychosom Res. 2020;

:110221. https://doi:10.1016/j.

jpsychores.2020.110221.

Rossi R, Socci V, Pacitti F, et al. Mental

health outcomes among front and second

line health workers associated with the

COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. MedRxiv.

Jan 1. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.0

16.20067801]

Hao Q, Wang D, Xie M, Tang Y, Dou Y,

Zhu L, Wu Y, Dai M, Wu H, Wang Q.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mental

Health Problems Among Healthcare

Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic:

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Front Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 15; 12:567381.

https://doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567381.

Ying Y, Ruan L, Kong F, et al. Mental

health status among family members of

health care workers in Ningbo, China,

during the coronavirus disease 2019

(COVID-19) outbreak: a cross-sectional

study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020; 20:379.

Carli LL. Women, Gender equality and

COVID-19. Gender in Management: An

International Journal. 2020. 35(7/8): 647-

https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-07-2020-

Di Tella M, Romeo A, Benfante A, Castelli

L. Mental health of healthcare workers

during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy.

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.

Dec;26(6):1583-7. https://doi.

org/10.1111/jep.13444

Mohammadpour M, Ghorbani V,

Khoramnia S, Ahmadi SM, Ghvami M,

Maleki M. Anxiety, self-compassion,

gender differences and COVID-19:

predicting self-care behaviors and fear

of COVID-19 based on anxiety and selfcompassion

with an emphasis on gender

differences. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry.

Jul;15(3):213. https://doi:10.18502/

ijps.v15i3.3813.

Özdin S, Bayrak Özdin Ş. Levels

and predictors of anxiety, depression

and health anxiety during COVID-19

pandemic in Turkish society: The

importance of gender. International

Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2020

Aug;66(5):504-11.

Regenold N, Vindrola-Padros C. Gender

Matters: A Gender Analysis of Healthcare

Workers’ Experiences during the First

COVID-19 Pandemic Peak in England.

Social Sciences. 2021 Feb;10(2):43.

https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020043

Huang L, Wang Y, Liu J, Ye P, Chen X,

Xu H, Qu H, Ning G. Factors Influencing

Anxiety of Health Care Workers in

the Radiology Department with High

Exposure Risk to COVID-19. Med Sci

Monit. 2020 Jul 25;26:e926008. https://

doi:10.12659/MSM.926008.

Badahdah A, Khamis F, Al Mahyijari N,

Al Balushi M, Al Hatmi H, Al Salmi I,

Albulushi Z,

Al Noomani J. The mental health of health care

workers in Oman during the COVID-19

pandemic. International Journal of Social

Psychiatry. 2021 Feb;67(1):90-5. https://

doi.org/10.1177/0020764020939596