Navike u ishrani dece – istraživanje ponašanja u vezi sa zdravljem kod dece školskog uzrasta u Republici Srbiji 2017. godine

Slavica Đorđević; Snežana Knežević; Verica Jovanović

doi:10.5937/opmed29-41415

Slavica Đorđević Академија струковних студија Београд, Одсек Висока здравствена школа, Београд, Србија https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-6030
Snežana Knežević Dom zdravlja Kraljevo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-2122
Verica Jovanović Институт за јавно здравље Србије „Др Милан Јовановић Батут“, Београд, Србија https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9650-0709

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/opmed29-41415

Ključne reči: deca, adolescencija, zdrava ishrana, stavovi, prevencija

Sažetak

Uvod. Ishrana tokom detinjstva može imati višestruki uticaj na dugoročno zdravlje. Navike u ishrani razvijene tokom detinjstva mogu postati doživotne navike. Propušteni obroci, preskakanje doručka i povećan unos slatkiša su povezani sa prekomernom težinom i gojaznosti.

Cilj. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se istraže navike u ishrani dece školskog uzrasta u Srbiji.

Metod. U radu su korišćeni podaci iz istraživanja ‘’Ponašanje u vezi sa zdravljem kod dece školskog uzrasta u Republici Srbiji 2017. godine’’. Za prikupljanje podataka korišćen je standardizovani međunarodni protokol Svetske zdravstvene organizacije. Anketirano je 3 933 učenika, uzrasta jedanaest, trinaest i petnaest godina.

Rezultati. Navika doručkovanja radnim danima pokazuje statistički značajnu razliku po regionima u uzrastima 11 (p = 0,001) i 13 godina (p = 0,000). U uzrastu 11 godina (p = 0,046) najviše dece doručkuje vikendom u Beogradu (92,7%). Po pitanju konzumacije voća regioni se statistički značajno razlikuju u uzrastu 11 godina (p = 0,006). U regionu Vojvodine najviše se konzumira voće (37,4%). U Beogradu 5% dece nikad ne jede povrće. U uzrastu 15 godina postoji statistički značajna razlika (p = 0,046) u konzumiranju povrća. Najviše se povrća konzumira u Južnoj i Istočnoj Srbiji (25,5%), i Šumadiji i Zapadnoj Srbiji (27,4%). U uzrastu jedanaest godina postoji statistički značajna razlika (p = 0,016) u konzumiranju slatkiša po regionima. U Vojvodini je najmanje dece koja nikada nisu konzumirala slatkiše (1,8%).

Zaključak. Na osnovu analiziranih podataka može se zaključiti da se deca uzrasta jedanaest, trinaest i petnaest godina u Republici Srbiji nedovoljno zdravo hrane. Rezultati mogu poslužiti za unapređenje zdravstveno-vaspitnih programa, koji vode ka promeni ponašanja.

Biografija autora

Snežana Knežević, Dom zdravlja Kraljevo

Doktorand na Fakultetu medicinskih nauka u Kragujevcu i Fakultetu za hotelijerstvo i turizam u Vrnjačkoj banji, saradnik u nastavi na Univerzitetu u Kragujevcu, master menadžer zdravstvene zaštite, specijalista opšte medicine Dom zdravlja Kraljevo, izabrani lekar, koordinator za nasilje nad ženama u Domu zdravlja, akreditovani edukator zdravstvenih radnika za oblast nasilja u porodici (UNFPA Srbija) (2019). Član Predsedništva i Naučnog odbora SLD (Sekcija Opšte medicine) (2019). Član Uredništva časopisa Opšta medicine (2020). Autor više naučno istraživačkih radova, saopštenja na međunarodnim i domaćim skupovima, objavljenim u međunarodnim i domaćim zbornicima i suplementima. Evropski dobitnik Montegut global scholars programme nagrade za doprinos primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti (2019). Član EGPRN, EPCCS i WONCA SIGFV. Saradnik na IMOCAFV projektu i koordinator za R Srbiju (2020). Recenzent radova za Evropsku konferenciju lekara opšte i porodične medicine WONCA (2020 i 2021). Dobitnik školarine za učešće na 26. Evropskoj konferenciji lekara opšte i porodične medicine WONCA Europe (2021).

Reference

1. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study protocol: Background, methodology and mandatory items for the 2013/14 survey. St Andrews: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit (CAHRU); 2014.

2. Haines J, Haycraft E, Lytle L, Nicklaus S, Kok FJ, Merdji M, et al. Nurturing Children’s Healthy Eating: Position statement. Appetite 2019;137:124–33. doi: 10.1016/j. appet.2019.02.007.

3. Liu D, Zhao LY, Yu DM, Ju LH, Zhang J, Wang JZ, et al. Dietary Patterns and Association with Obesity of Children Aged 6–17 Years in Medium and Small Cities in China: Findings from the CNHS 2010–2012. Nutrients 2018;11(1):3. doi: 10.3390/nu11010003.

4. Hodder RK, O’Brien KM, Stacey FG, Wyse RJ, Clinton-McHarg T, Tzelepis F, et al. Interventions for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in children aged five years and under. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5(5):CD008552. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008552.pub5.

5. WHO. Healthy diet [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Nov 27]. Available from: https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet

6. WHO. Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being [Internet]. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2016 [cited 2022 Nov 27]. 276 p. Available from: https://apps. who.int/iris/handle/10665/326320

7. Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet 2016;387(10036):2423–78. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(16)00579-1.

8. ALjaraedah TY, Takruri HR, Tayyem RF. Dietary practices and nutrient intake among adolescents: A general review. Obesity Medicine 2019;16:100145. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100145

9. Gifing A. Moj prvi zalogaj - vodič kroz dečju ishranu. Beograd: Finesa; 2016.

10. Sedibe MH, Pisa PT, Feeley AB, Pedro TM, Kahn K, Norris SA. Dietary Habits and Eating Practices and Their Association with Overweight and Obesity in Rural and Urban Black South African Adolescents. Nutrients 2018;10(2):145. doi: 10.3390/nu10020145.

11. Muderedzwa TM, Matsungo TM. Nutritional status, physical activity and associated nutrition knowledge of primary school learners. Nutr Health 2020;26(2):115–25. doi: 10.1177/0260106020910625.

12. McInnes A, Blackwell D. Self-reported Perceptions of Weight and Eating Behavior of School Children in Sunderland, England. Front Public Health 2017;5:17. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00017.

13. Patnode CD, Lytle LA, Erickson DJ, Sirard JR, Barr-Anderson D, Story M. The relative influence of demographic, individual, social, and environmental factors on physical activity among boys and girls. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010;7:79. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-79.

14. Videon TM, Manning CK. Influences on adolescent eating patterns: the importance of family meals. J Adolesc Health 2003;32(5):365–73. doi: 10.1016/s1054- 139x(02)00711-5.

15. bin Zaal AA, Musaiger AO, D’Souza R. Dietary habits associated with obesity among adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Nutr Hosp 2009;24(4):437–44.

16. Berkey CS, Rockett HRH, Gillman MW, Field AE, Colditz GA. Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27(10):1258–66. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802402.

17. Sagbo H, Ekouevi DK, Ranjandriarison DT, Niangoran S, Bakai TA, Afanvi A, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo. Public Health Nutr 2018;21(6):1048–56. doi: 10.1017/ S1368980017003664.

18. Steyn NP, de Villiers A, Gwebushe N, Draper CE, Hill J, de Waal M, et al. Did HealthKick, a randomised controlled trial primary school nutrition intervention improve dietary quality of children in lowincome settings in South Africa? BMC Public Health 2015;15:948. doi: 10.1186/ s12889-015-2282-4.

19. Hormenu T. Dietary intake and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Ghana. PLoS One 2022;17(5):e0268319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268319.

20. Fernandez C, Kasper N, Miller A, Lumeng J, Peterson K. Association of Dietary Variety and Diversity With Body Mass Index in US Preschool Children. Pediatrics 2016; 137(3):e20152307. doi: 10.1542/ peds.2015-2307.

21. Golpour-Hamedani S, Rafie N, Pourmasoumi M, Saneei P, Safavi SM. The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents. BMC Endocr Disord 2020;20(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12902-020-00662-w.

22. Asakura K, Todoriki H, Sasaki S. Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among primary school children in Japan: Combined effect of children’s and their guardians’ knowledge. J Epidemiol 2017;27(10):483–91. doi: 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.014.

23. Kalimbira A, Gondwe E. Consumption of sweetened beverages among school-going children in a densely populated township in Lilongwe, Malawi. Malawi Med J 2015;27(2):55–9. doi: 10.4314/mmj. v27i2.5.

24. Watts AW, Barr SI, Hanning RM, Lovato CY, Mâsse LC. The home food environment and associations with dietary intake among adolescents presenting for a lifestyle modification intervention. BMC Nutrition 2018;4:3. doi: 10.1186/s40795- 018-0210-6.

25. Egić TM. Central obesity in adult patients with optimal weight in primary health care. Opšta medicina 2020;26(3-4):59–67. doi:10.5937/opmed2004059E Primljen - Received - Ispravljen - Corrected - Prihvaćen - Accepted - 12. McInnes A, Blackwell D. Self-reported Perceptions of Weight and Eating Behavior of School Children in Sunderland, England. Front Public Health 2017;5:17. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00017.