Narcizam i liderstvo
Sažetak
Svaki čovek, a posebno lider u organizaciji, u ličnosti treba da poseduje zdravu dozu narcizma kako bi uopšte preživeo. Liderstvo postaje sve više prepoznato kao ključno pitanje za kompanije koje se suočavaju sa promenama u kompleksnom i promenljivom okruženju. To dovodi do potrebe za razumevanjem obimne literature o liderstvu. Međutim, primetno je da je literatura prvenstveno fokusirana na efektivno liderstvo, ignorišući mračnu stranu liderstva. Ipak, istraživanja u oblasti promena su pokazala da takvi toksični oblici liderstva negativno utiču na kapacitet organizacija da se prilagode promenama. Ako su osobine povezane sa narcizmom istovremeno povezane i sa neefikasnim vođstvom, pravo je pitanje zašto se narcisoidne ličnosti često nalaze na rukovodećim pozicijama? Jedna mogućnost je da narcisoidne osobe imaju veštine i osobine koje su neophodne za nastajanje lidera, ali nisu nužno korisne za efektivno liderstvo. Drugim rečima, narcizam bi mogao predvideti pojavu lidera, ali ne nužno i efektivnost lidera. Ovaj rad je pokušaj sistematizacije dosadašnjih teorijskih i praktičnih nalaza u oblasti narcizma i liderstva, kao i njihove uzajamne povezanosti.
Reference
Aasland, M. S., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2008). The dark side: Defining destructive leadership behaviour. Organisations and People, 15(3), 19–26.
Ashforth, B. E. (1997). Petty Tyranny in Organizations: A Preliminary Examination of Antecedents and Consequences. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration, 14(2), 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1997.tb00124.x
Back, M. D., Schmukle, S. C., & Egloff, B. (2010). Why are narcissists so charming at first sight? Decoding the narcissism–popularity link at zero acquaintance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(1), 132–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016338
Begić, D. (2014). Psihopatologija. In Psihopatologija (2. dopunjeno i obnovljeno izd.). Medicinska naklada.
Benson, M. J., & Campbell, J. P. (2007). To Be, or Not to Be, Linear: An expanded representation of personality and its relationship to leadership performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15(2), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00384.x
Benson, M. J., & Hogan, R. (2008). How dark side leadership personality destroys trust and degrades organisational effectiveness. Organisations and People, 15(3), 10–18.
Bilić, V., Gregurek, R., Marčinko, D., Pavelić, D., Rudan, V., Vidović, V., & Vlastelica, M. (2013). Narcistični poremećaj ličnosti i njegova dijagnostička opravdanost: Doprinos međunarodnoj raspravi (D. Marčinko & V. Rudan, Eds). Medicinska naklada.
Blair, C. A., Hoffman, B. J., & Helland, K. R. (2008). Narcissism in Organizations: A Multisource Appraisal Reflects Different Perspectives. Human Performance, 21(3), 254–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959280802137705
Brunell, A. B., Campbell, W. K., Smith, L., & Krusemark, E. A. (2004). Why do people date narcissists? A narrative study [Poster presentation]. The annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, TX.
Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence? Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 543–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00502-0
Campbell, W. K. (1999). Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1254–1270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1254
Campbell, W. K. (2001). Is Narcissism Really So Bad? Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 214–216. JSTOR Journals.
Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, Interpersonal Self-Regulation, and Romantic Relationships: An Agency Model Approach. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 57–83). Guilford Press.
Campbell, W. K., Foster, C. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2002). Does self-love lead to love for others? A story of narcissistic game playing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 340–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.340
Campbell, W. K., Goodie, A. S., & Foster, J. D. (2004). Narcissism, confidence, and risk attitude. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 17(4), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.475
Campbell, W. K., Reeder, G. D., Sedikides, C., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Narcissism and Comparative Self-Enhancement Strategies. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(3), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2000.2282
Chatterjee, A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2007). It’s All about Me: Narcissistic Chief Executive Officers and Their Effects on Company Strategy and Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(3), 351–386. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.3.351
Chatterjee, A., & Pollock, T. G. (2017). Master of Puppets: How Narcissistic CEOs Construct Their Professional Worlds. Academy of Management Review, 42(4), 703–725. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2015.0224
Chernow, R. (2004, July 11). Alexander Hamilton’s last stand. The New York Times, 13.
Coplan, R. J., Ooi, L. L., & Rose-Krasnor, L. (2015). Naturalistic Observations of Schoolyard Social Participation: Marker Variables for Socio-Emotional Functioning in Early Adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(5–6), 628–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431614523134
Dickinson, K. A., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal Analysis of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(3), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.3.188.22146
Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
Erikson, E. H. (1975). Life history and the historical moment (1st.). Norton.
Funder, D. C. (2001). Accuracy in personality judgment: Research and theory concerning an obvious question. In B. W. Roberts & R. Hogan (Eds), Personality psychology in the workplace. (pp. 121–140). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10434-005
Gabriel, M. T., Critelli, J. W., & Ee, J. S. (1994). Narcissistic Illusions in Self‐Evaluations of Intelligence and Attractiveness. Journal of Personality, 62(1), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994.tb00798.x
Galvin, B. M., Waldman, D. A., & Balthazard, P. (2010). Visionary communication qualities as mediators of the relationship between narcissism and attributions of leader charisma. Personnel Psychology, 63(3), 509–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01179.x
Glad, B. (2002). Why Tyrants Go Too Far: Malignant Narcissism and Absolute Power. Political Psychology, 23(1), 1–37.
Gladwell, M. (2002, July 22). The talent myth: Are smart people overrated? The New Yorker, 28–33.
Grapsas, S., Brummelman, E., Back, M. D., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2020). The “Why” and “How” of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(1), 150–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619873350
Grijalva, E., Harms, P. D., Newman, D. A., Gaddis, B. H., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Narcissism and Leadership: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12072
Gülgöz, S., & Gelman, S. A. (2017). Who’s the Boss? Concepts of Social Power Across Development. Child Development, 88(3), 946–963. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12643
Hadžić, H. (2016). Hubris sindrom. Almanah - Časopis za proučavanje, prezentaciju I zaštitu kulturno-istorijske baštine Bošnjaka/Muslimana, 71–72, 201–221.
Harms, P. D., Spain, S. M., & Hannah, S. T. (2011). Leader development and the dark side of personality. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.04.007
Hawley, P. H. (1999). The Ontogenesis of Social Dominance: A Strategy-Based Evolutionary Perspective. Developmental Review, 19(1), 97–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1998.0470
Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist, 49(6), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.6.493
Hogan, R., Raskin, R., & Fazzini, D. (1990). The dark side of charisma. In K. E. Clark & M. B. Clark (Eds), Measures of leadership (pp. 343–354). Leadership Library of America.
Horowitz, M. J., & Arthur, R. J. (1988). Narcissistic Rage in Leaders: The Intersection of Individual Dynamics and Group Process. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 34(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076408803400208
John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.206
Jørstad, J. (1991). Contemporary Leaders: Power and Powerlessness. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 12(5), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739110137689
Jørstad, J. (1996). Narcissism and leadership: Some differences in male and female leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(6), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739610130528
Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.765
Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006). Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762–776. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.762
Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad leadership: What it is, how it happens, why it matters. Harvard Business Review.
Kets de Vries, M. (1995). Life and death in the executive fast lane: Essays on irrational organizations and their leaders (1. ed). Jossey-Bass.
Kets De Vries, M. (2004). Organizations on the Couch: European Management Journal, 22(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2004.01.008
Kets De Vries, M. F. R. (1999). Managing puzzling personalities: European Management Journal, 17(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(98)00056-5
Kets De Vries, M., & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and Leadership: An Object Relations Perspective. Human Relations, 38(6), 583–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678503800606
Khoo, H. S., & Burch, G. St. J. (2008). The ‘dark side’ of leadership personality and transformational leadership: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.018
Kowalski, C. M., Vernon, P. A., & Schermer, J. A. (2017). Vocational interests and dark personality: Are there dark career choices? Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.029
Kramer, R. M. (2003, October 1). The Harder They Fall. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2003/10/the-harder-they-fall
Kubarych, T. S., Deary, I. J., & Austin, E. J. (2004). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Factor structure in a non-clinical sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 857–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00158-2
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2006). The Allure of Toxic Leaders: Why We Follow Destructive Bosses and Corrupt Politicians--And How We Can Survive Them. Oxford University Press USA - OSO.
Lubit, R. (2002). The long-term organizational impact of destructively narcissistic managers. Academy of Management Perspectives, 16(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2002.6640218
Lubit, R. H. (2004). Coping with toxic managers, subordinates: And other difficult people. Pearson education.
Maccoby, M. (2000). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. In Harvard business review on what makes a leader (Nachdr., pp. 67–77). Havard business school press.
Maccoby, M. (2003). The productive narcissist: The promise and peril of visionary leadership (1st ed). Broadway Books.
Miliora, M. T. (1995). The dialectics of historical fantasy: The ideology of George Lincoln Rockwell. The Psychohistory Review, 23(3), 259–281.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (with Mintzberg, H.). (1984). Organizations: A quantum view (1. [print.]). Prentice-Hall.
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1204_1
Murphy, S. E., & Johnson, S. K. (2011). The benefits of a long-lens approach to leader development: Understanding the seeds of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 459–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.04.004
Nevicka, B., Van Vianen, A. E. M., De Hoogh, A. H. B., & Voorn, B. C. M. (2018). Narcissistic leaders: An asset or a liability? Leader visibility, follower responses, and group-level absenteeism. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(7), 703–723. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000298
Oltmanns, T. F., Friedman, J. N. W., Fiedler, E. R., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Perceptions of people with personality disorders based on thin slices of behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(3), 216–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00066-7
Ong, C. W., Roberts, R., Arthur, C. A., Woodman, T., & Akehurst, S. (2016). The Leader Ship Is Sinking: A Temporal Investigation of Narcissistic Leadership. Journal of Personality, 84(2), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12155
Ouimet, G. (2010). Dynamics of narcissistic leadership in organizations: Towards an integrated research model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(7), 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011075265
Owen, D. (2011). In sickness and in power: Illness in heads of government during the last 100 years (Revised edition). Methuen.
Owen, D., & Davidson, J. (2009). Hubris syndrome: An acquired personality disorder? A study of US Presidents and UK Prime Ministers over the last 100 years. Brain, 132(5), 1396–1406. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp008
Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1197–1208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1197
Paulhus, D. L., Westlake, B. G., Calvez, S. S., & Harms, P. D. (2013). Self‐presentation style in job interviews: The role of personality and culture. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(10), 2042–2059. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12157
Poorthuis, A. M. G., Slagt, M., Van Aken, M. A. G., Denissen, J. J. A., & Thomaes, S. (2021). Narcissism and popularity among peers: A cross-transition longitudinal study. Self and Identity, 20(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2019.1609575
Post, J. M. (1986). Narcissism and the Charismatic Leader-Follower Relationship. Political Psychology, 7(4), 675. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791208
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590–590. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Raskin, R., & Novacek, J. (1991). Narcissism and the use of fantasy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47(4), 490–499. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199107)47:4%253C490::AID-JCLP2270470404%253E3.0.CO;2-J
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890–902. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
Reijntjes, A., Vermande, M., Thomaes, S., Goossens, F., Olthof, T., Aleva, L., & Van Der Meulen, M. (2016). Narcissism, Bullying, and Social Dominance in Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9974-1
Resick, C. J., Whitman, D. S., Weingarden, S. M., & Hiller, N. J. (2009). The bright-side and the dark-side of CEO personality: Examining core self-evaluations, narcissism, transformational leadership, and strategic influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1365–1381. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016238
Robins, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 340–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.80.2.340
Robins, R. W., & Paulhus, D. L. (2001). The character of self-enhancers: Implications for organizations. In B. W. Roberts & R. Hogan (Eds), Personality psychology in the workplace. (pp. 193–219). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10434-008
Rosenthal, S. A. (2005). The fine line between confindence and arrogance: Investigating the relationship of self-esteem to narcissism [Dissertation]. Harvard University.
Rosenthal, S. A., & Pittinsky, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 617–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.005
Rubinstein, G. (2017). Narcissistic Leadership in Organizations: A Two-Edged Sword. In V. Muhlbauer & W. Harry (Eds), Redefining Management (pp. 155–178). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69209-8_9
Russell, G. (2011). Psychiatry and politicians: The ‘hubris syndrome’. The Psychiatrist, 35(4), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.031575
Schneider, B., Ehrhart, K. H., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Understanding high school student leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 275–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00100-5
Sedikides, C., Rudich, E. A., Gregg, A. P., Kumashiro, M., & Rusbult, C. (2004). Are normal narcissists psychologically healthy?: Self-esteem matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(3), 400–416. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.3.400
Taggar, S., Hackew, R., & Saha, S. (1999). Leadership emergence in autonomous work teams: Antecedents and outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 52(4), 899–926. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00184.x
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of Abusive Supervision. The Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375
Thomaes, S., & Brummelman, E. (2016). Narcissism. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology (1st edn, Vol. 3, pp. 1–47). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy316
Thomaes, S., Stegge, H., Bushman, B. J., Olthof, T., & Denissen, J. (2008). Development and Validation of the Childhood Narcissism Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(4), 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802108162
Watson, P. J., & Biderman, M. D. (1994). Narcissistic traits scale: Validity evidence and sex differences in narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(3), 501–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90076-0
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and Reality. Tavistock Publications.
Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2006). Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit Self‐Esteem: Implications for Narcissism and Self‐Esteem Instability. Journal of Personality, 74(1), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00371.x
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2025 Zana J. Zivkovic Rancic
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 međunarodnom licencom.
Autori koji objavljuju u ovom časopisu pristaju na sledeće uslove:
- Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu.
- Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
- Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka (Vidi Efekti otvorenog pristupa).