Ставови МСП-а према управљању људским ресурсима у најважнијим пословним секторима у земљама Вишеградске групе (В4)
Sažetak
Главни циљ истраживања био је формулисање ставова малих и средњих предузећа који адекватно карактеришу област управљања људским ресурсима. У другом кораку, ти ставови су упоређени у три најважнија пословна сектора у земљама Вишеградске групе (В4). Прикупљање података спровела је спољна агенција MNFORCE коришћењем метода „Компјутерски Потпомогнуто Веб Интервјуисање“ у јуну 2022. године. Узорак је обухватио 995 испитаника, који су били представници малих и средњих предузећа из три најважнија сектора према броју испитаника у свакој од В4 земаља. Статистичке хипотезе тестиране су уз употребу дескриптивне статистике и Z-скора на нивоу значајности од α = 5%. Према нашим налазима, мала и средња предузећа у В4 земљама сматрају да су људи у фирми најважнији ресурс, при чему су утврђене статистички значајне разлике у оквиру узорка. МСП су потврдила да управљање људским ресурсима сматрају најважнијом облашћу корпоративног менаџмента. Емпиријско истраживање показало је постојање статистички значајних разлика између испитиваних сектора. С обзиром на претходне резултате, приступ процени радног учинка и мотивације запослених може се сматрати одговарајућим. Нису утврђене статистички значајне разлике унутар узорка. Производни сектор је показао најбољи приступ у односу на сваку тврдњу о управљању људским ресурсима у В4 земљама, након чега следе трговински и услужни сектори.
Reference
Abosede, A.J., Obasan, K.A., & Alese, O.J. (2016). Strategic Management and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Development: A Review of Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5 (1), 315-335.
Agostini, L., Nosella, A., & Filippini, R. (2017). Does intellectual capital allow improving innovation performance? A quantitative analysis in the SME context. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 18 (2), 400-418.
Al Qershi, N.A., Mokhtar, S.S.M.M., & Abas, Z.B. (2022). CRM dimensions and performance of SMEs in Yemen: the moderating role of human capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 23 (3), 516-537.
Al Qershi, N., Mokhtar, S.S. M., & Abas, Z. (2021). The relationship between strategic innovations, human capital and performance: An empirical investigation. Sustainable Futures, 3, 100056.
Al Qershi, N.A., Diah, M.L.B.M., Latiffi,A.B.A., & Ahmad, W.N.K.W. (2020). Strategic Innovation and Competitive Advantage of Manufacturing SMEs: The Mediating Role of Human Capital. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 24 (3), 70-89.
Alsafadi, Y., & Altahat, S. (2021). Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Performance: The Role of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8 (1), 519-529.
Androniceanu, A. (2023). The new trends of digital transformation and artificial intelligence in public administration. Administratie si Management Public, 40, 147-155.
Androniceanu, A., Kinnunen, J., & Georgescu, I. (2021). Circular economy as a strategic option to promote sustainable economic growth and effective human development. Journal of International Studies, 14 (1), 60-73.
Antoniuk, L., Britchenko, I., Polishchuk, Y., Rudyk, N., Sybirianska, Y. & Machashchik, P. (2018). Code of ethics for SMEs: substantiating the necessity and willingness to implement in Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 16 (3), 150-162.
Atkinson, C., Lupton, B., Kynighou, A., & Antcliff, V. (2022). Small firms, owner managers and (strategic?) human resource management. Hum Resour Manag J., 32 (3), 449-469.
Belas, J., & Rahman, A. (2023). Financial management of the company. Are there differences of opinion between owners and managers in the SME segment? Journal of Business Sectors, 1 (1), 1-9.
Belas, J. (2020). Selected Factors of Strategic Management in the SME Sector. Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice Series D, 1 (XXVIII), 17-28.
Bhattarai, U., Lopatka, A., Devkota, N., Paudel, U.R., & Németh, P. (2023). Influence of green human resource management on employees’ behavior through mediation of environmental knowledge of managers. Journal of International Studies, 16 (3), 56-77.
Bratianu, C., Neștian, A.Ș., & Guță, A.L. (2022). Knowledge risks taxonomy based on the organizational knowledge dynamics. Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum, 16 (2), 61-71.
Cera, G., Khan, K.A., Bláhová, A., & Belas, Jr.J. (2022). Do owner-manager demographics in SMEs matter for corporate social responsibility? Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 17 (2), 511-531.
Dabic, M., Laznjak, J., Smallbone, D., & Svarc, J. (2019). Intellectual capital, organisational climate, innovation culture, and SME performance: Evidence from Croatia. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26 (4), 522-544.
Dar, I.A., & Mishra, M. (2021). Human Capital and SMEs Internationalization: Development and Validation of a Measurement Scale. Global Business Review 22 (3), 718-734.
Deschênes, A.A. (2023). Human resource development in SMEs in a context of labor shortage: a profile analysis. European Journal of Training and Development, 47 (7/8), 747-768.
Do, T.K.T. & Van Vu, H. (2020). Does formalization increase firm investment in human capital? New evidence from Vietnam. Finance Research Letters, 42, 101889.
Domańska, A., & Zajkowski, R. (2022). Barriers to gaining support: a prospect of entrepreneurial activity of family and non-family firms in Poland. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 17 (1), 191-224.
Dvorsky, J., Popp, J., Virglerova, Z., Kovács, S., & Oláh, J. (2018). Assessing the importance of market risk and its sources in SMEs of the Visegrad Group and Serbia. Advances in Decision Sciences, 22 (A), 1-25.
Dwikat, S.Y., Arshad, D. & Shariff, M.N.M. (2023). Effect of Competent Human Capital, Strategic Flexibility and Turbulent Environment on Sustainable Performance of SMEs in Manufacturing Industries in Palestine. Sustainability, 15 (6), 4781.
El Shoubaki, A., Laguir, I. & den Besten, M. (2020). Human capital and SME growth: the mediating role of reasons to start a business. Small Business Economics, 54 (4), 1107-1121.
Ferreira, A., & Franco, M. (2020). The influence of strategic alliances on human capital development. A study applied to technology-based SMEs. EuroMed Journal of Business, 15 (1), 65-85.
Gaganis, Ch., Pasiouras, F., & Voulgari, F. (2019). Culture, business environment and SMEs' profitability: Evidence from European Countries. Economic Modelling, 78, 275-292.
Gallo, P., Kusnirova, R., Vachal, J., Strakova, J. & Rauser, D. (2023). Application of BSC and EFQM models in small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Sectors, 1 (1), 20-31.
Gluchman, V. (2005). The Place of Humanity in the Ethics of Social Consequences. Filozofia, 60 (8), 613-623.
Gomezelj, O.D., & Smolčić, J.,D. (2016) The influence of intellectual capital on innovativeness and growth in tourism SMEs: empirical evidence from Slovenia and Croatia. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 1075-1090.
Grimsdottir, E., & Edvardsson, I.R. (2018). Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, and Open Innovation in Icelandic SMEs. Sage Open, 8 (4), 1-13.
Guerrero, S., Cayrat, Ch., & Cossette, M. (2022) Human resource professionals’ human and social capital in SMEs: small firm, big impact. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33 (16), 3252-3274.
Iqbal, M., Mawardi, M.K., Sanawiri, B., Alfisyahr, R., & Syarifah, I. (2023). Strategic orientation and its role in linking human capital with the performance of small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 25 (3), 514-542.
Irwin, K.C., Landay, K.M., Aaron, J.R., McDowell, W.C., Marino, L.D., & Geho, P.R. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and human resources outsourcing (HRO): A “HERO” combination for SME performance. Journal of Business Research, 90, 134-140.
Kamukama, N., & Sulait, T. (2017). Intellectual capital and competitive advantage in Uganda’s microfinance industry. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 8 (4), 498-514.
Khan, K.A., Akhtar, M.A., Vishwakarma, R.K., & Hoang, H.C. (2023). A sectoral perspective on the sustainable growth of SMEs. Empirical research in the V4 countries. Journal of Business Sectors, 1 (1), 10-19.
Khan, Y.K., Kasuma, J., & Azrin, A. (2022). The Challenges of Small and Medium Businesses in Managing Human Capital towards SMEs Performance – A Qualitative Study. Asian Journal of Economics Business and Accounting 15 (1), 311-343.
Korsakienė, K., Liučvaitienė, A., Bužavaitė, M., & Šimelytė, A. (2017). Intellectual capital as a driving force of internationalization: a case of Lithuanian SMEs. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 4 (4), 502-515.
Kramar, R. (2022). Sustainable human resource management: six defining characteristics. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 60 (3), 146-170.
Lee, S.H. (2021). An Attention-Based View of Strategic Human Resource Management. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35 (2), 237-247.
León-Gómez, A., Santos-Jaén, J.M., Ruiz-Palomo, D., & Palacios-Manzano, M. (2022). Disentangling the impact of ICT adoption on SMEs performance: the mediating roles of corporate social responsibility and innovation. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13 (3), 831-866.
Lulewicz-Sas, A., Kinowska, H., & Fryczyńska, M. (2022). How sustainable human resource management affects work engagement and perceived employability. Economics and Sociology, 15 (4), 63-79.
Machova, R., Korcsmaros, E., Csereova, A., & Varga, J. (2023). Innovation activity of Slovak ICT SMEs. Journal of Business Sectors, 1 (1), 32-41.
Małkowska, A., & Uhruska, M. (2022). Factors affecting SMEs growth: the case of the real estate valuation service industry. Oeconomia Copernicana, 13(1), 79-108.
Muafi, M., Siswanti, Y., Diharto, A.K., & Salsabil, I. (2020). Innovation Culture and Process in Mediating Human Capital Supply Chain on Firm Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7 (9), 593-602.
Oláh, J., Hidayat, Y.A., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., Hasan, M., & Popp, J. (2021). Inter-organizational trust on financial performance: proposing innovation as a mediating variable to sustain in a disruptive era. Sustainability, 13 (17), 9947, 1-19.
Onkelinx, J., Manolova, T.S., & Edelman, L.F. (2016). The human factor: Investments in employee human capital, productivity, and SME internationalization. Journal of International Management, 22 (49, 351-364.
Petru, N., Havlicek, K. & Tomaskova, A. (2018). Comparison of marketing vitality of family and non-family companies doing business in the Czech Republic. Economics & Sociology, 11 (2), 138-156.
Potkany, M., Kamodyová, P., Stasiak-Betlejewska, R., & Lesníková, P. (2021). Nature and potential barriers of facility management in manufacturing enterprises. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23 (1), 327-340.
Potkany, M., Hašková, S., Lesníková, P., & Schmidtová, J. (2022). Perception of essence of controlling and its use in manufacturing enterprises in time of crisis: does controlling fulfill its essence? Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23 (4), 957-976.
Rigtering, J.P.C., Eggers, F., Kraus, S., & Chang, M.L. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation, strategic planning and firm performance: the impact of national cultures. European Journal of International Management, 11 (3), 301-324.
Rustiarini, N.W., Anggraini, N.P.N. & Dewi, N.P.S. (2023). Does Risk Management and Intellectual Capital Improving SME's Performance during Covid-19 Outbreak? Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 19 (3), 149-159.
Sahban, M.A. (2019). The transformational leadership, knowledge management and perceived organizational support in predicting innovation capability. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 20 (1), 372-381.
Saks, A.M. (2022). Caring human resources management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 32 (3), 1-15.
Salimi, M., & della Torre, E. (2020). Pay incentives, human capital, and firm innovation in smaller firms. International Small Business Journal, 40 (4), 1-36.
Samoliuk, N., Bilan, Y., & Mishchuk, H. (2021). Vocational training costs and economic benefits: exploring the interactions. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22 (6), 1476-1491.
Stratone, M. (2023). Mapping the impact of the intellectual capital on the agility and performance of an organization: A bibliometric study. Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum, 17 (1), 39-53.
Svatosova, V. (2018). Importance of Strategy and Aspects of Strategic Development in Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship. Economic journal, 66, (4), 329-349.
Tacogliu, C., Ceylan, C., & Kazancoglu, Y. (2019). Analysis of Variables Affecting Competitiveness of SMEs in the Textile Industry. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 20 (4), 648-673.
Yanes-Estévez, V., García-Pérez, A.M., & Oreja-Rodríguez, J.R. (2018). The Strategic Behaviour of SMEs. Administrative Sciences, 8 (4), 61.
Virglerova, Z., Ivanova, E., Dvorsky, J., Belas, J., & Krulický, T. (2021). Selected factors of internationalisation and their impact on the SME perception of the market risk. Oeconomia Copernicana, 12 (4), 1011-1032.
Z Score Calculator. [online] [Retrieved September 31, 2023] Available at: https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/ztest/default2.aspx
The Author wishes to submit the Work to SJM for publication. To enable SJM to publish the Work and to give effect to the parties’ intention set forth herein, they have agreed to cede the first right to publication and republication in the SJM Journal.
Cession
The Author hereby cedes to SJM, who accepts the cession, to the copyright in and to the paper.
The purpose of the cession is to enable SJM to publish the Work, as first publisher world-wide, and for republication in the SJM Journal, and to grant the right to others to publish the Work world-wide, for so long as such copyright subsists;
SJM shall be entitled to edit the work before publication, as it deems fit, subject to the Authors approval
The Author warrants to SJM that:
- the Author is the owner of the copyright in the Work, whether as author or as reassigned from the Author’s employee and that the Author is entitled to cede the copyright to SJM;
- the paper (or any of its part) is not submitted or accepted for publication in any other Journal;
- the Work is an original work created by the Author;
- the Author has not transferred, ceded, or assigned the copyright, or any part thereof, to any third party; or granted any third party a licence or other right to the copyright, which may affect or detract from the rights granted to SJM in terms of this agreement.
The Author hereby indemnifies the SJM as a body and its individual members, to the fullest extent permitted in law, against all or any claims which may arise consequent to the warranties set forth.
No monetary consideration shall be payable by SJM to the Author for the cession, but SJM shall clearly identify the Author as having produced the Work and ensure that due recognition is given to the Author in any publication of the Work.
Should SJM, in its sole discretion, elect not to publish the Work within 1 year after the date of this agreement, the cession shall lapse and be of no further effect. In such event the copyright shall revert to the Author and SJM shall not publish the Work, or any part thereof, without the Author’s prior written consent.