Poverenje i subjektivna dobrobit u Srbiji za vreme pandemije: rezultati istraživanja
Sažetak
Kontekst pandemije izazvane infektivnim uzročnikom, time i potencijalna zdravstvena ugroženost velikog broja ljudi jeste novi, savremenom čoveku, malo poznat oblik rizika. Osim oslanjanja na efekte kontrolisanih medicinskih i epidemioloških mera, takva situacija građane usmerava na saradnju i solidarnost i zahteva određeni stepen poverenja ne samo u institucije, nego i poverenje na nivou interpersonalnih odnosa, kao i na lične kapacitete za funkcionisanje u kriznim okolnostima. Ključno pitanje ovog rada jeste koliki su stepen poverenja u ljude ispoljili građani Srbije tokom pandemije i da li se ovaj nivo generalizovanog poverenja razlikuje u grupama prema sociodemografskim obeležjima, tačnije koje su društvene grupe najviše pogođene odsustvom generalizovanog poverenja. Pored toga, ispitan je set varijabli koje su deo koncepta subjektivnog blagostanja (osećaj sreće i zadovoljstva životom) ili su sa njim tesno povezane (osećaj kontrole nad životom, subjektivna procena zdravlja, procena solidarnosti i poštenja drugih ljudi). Analizirani podaci su dobijeni na uzorku od 602 punoletna građana Srbije, posredstvom onlajn istraživanja sprovedenog u maju 2020. godine, deljenjem upitnika putem imejla i društvenih mreža sa više tačaka pristupa. Podaci su upoređeni sa najnovijim dostupnim podacima o pomenutim indikatorima u Srbiji pre pandemije, prikupljene u sklopu Evropske studije vrednosti (European Values Study, EVS) iz 2017. i Evropskog društvenog istraživanja (European Social Survey, ESS) iz 2018. godine. Rezultati ukazuju na značajan pad sreće, kontinuirano niske nivoe osećaja kontrole i zadovoljstva životom, ali i porast u proceni solidarnosti i poštenja drugih ljudi. Navedeni nalazi su u saglasnosti sa rezultatima prethodnih studija koje upućuju na različite dominantne aspekte u ispitivanim konceptima, odakle sledi njihova različita fleksibilnost i (ne)otpornost na promene u društvu.
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