SAVREMENA SHVATANJA SELEKTIVNOG MUTIZMA
Sažetak
Cilj rada je pregled savremene literature o selektivnom mutizmu (SM) koji bi bio dostupan na našem jeziku Rad obuhvata savremeno određenje poremećaja, dosadašnja istraživanja SM, teorije o nastanku, tretman. SM je poremećaj koji se javlja u detinjstvu, kada govor deteta selektivno izostaje u određenim socijalnim situacijama. Škola je kontekst u kojem se poremećaj tipično ispoljava, zbog čega se SM često dijagnostikuje tek sa polaskom deteta u školu. U radu je dat istorijski prikaz promena u shvatanju ovog poremećaja. Savremena shvatanja naglašavaju selektivnu nesposobnost dece da se spontano i uspešno verbalno izražavaju. U izučavanju SM-a tipično je objavljivanje studija slučaja dece sa SM-om. Etiološki faktori nisu precizno definisani, a različita prikazana teorijska shvatanja daju svoja tumačenja. Istraživanja konstantno pokazuju povezanost SM-a sa socijalnom anksioznošću, a neka i sa oponirajućim ponašanjem i kašnjenjem u jezičkom razvoju. Na osnovu teorijskih objašnjenja SM-a, kreiraju se psihološke intervencije (bihejvioralne i kognitivno-bihejvioralne, psihodinamske i projektivne tehnike, porodično savetovanje i terapija). Savremen tretmana SM-a podrazumeva eklektički pristup uz naglašavanje uloga nastavnika i škole u celini. Buduća izučavanja treba da prodube znanja, preciziraju metodološku proceduru i stimulišu individualizovan tretman detetu sa SM.
Ključne reči: selektivni mutizam, socijalna anksioznost, etiologija selektivog mutizma, tretman selektivnog mutizma
Reference
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