ODNOS MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI I TEŽINE POREMEĆAJA AUTISTIČKOG SPEKTRA
Sažetak
Prema nalazima u literaturi, motoričke sposobnosti dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra uglavnom odstupaju od uzrasnih očekivanja i sve se češće dovode u vezu sa govorno-jezičkim i socijalnim razvojem i adaptivnim ponašanjem.
Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi odnos nivoa razvoja finih i grubih motoričkih sposobnosti i težine autizma kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 30-oro dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra i pridruženom intelektualnom ometenošću, uzrasta od sedam do 19 godina (AS=11,97; SD=3,70). Procena je realizovana primenom Pibodi skale motoričkog razvoja, Vineland skale adaptivnog ponašanja i kriterijuma za opis nivoa težine poremećaja autističkog spektra (APA, 2013).
Rezultati su pokazali da motoričke sposobnosti naših ispitanika značajno koreliraju sa socijalnom komunikacijom (Pibodi fina motorika r=-0,452; p=0,012; Vineland fina motorika r=-0,511; p=0,004; Vineland ukupno r=-0,391; p=0,032) i ograničenim, repetitivnim ponašanjima (Pibodi fina motorika r=-0,383; p=0,037; Vineland fina motorika r=-0,433; p=0,017; Vineland ukupno r=-0,371; p=0,044). Niži stepen autističke simptomatologije je povezan sa višim motoričkim postignućima.
Potrebno je posvetiti više pažnje proceni i tretmanu motoričkih sposobnosti dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra, s obzirom na utvrđeno zaostajanje u razvoju ovih sposobnosti, a imajući u vidu njihovu povezanost sa težinom simptoma autističkog poremećaja. Blagovremeno prepoznavanje motoričkih poremećaja omogućilo bi primenu ranog tretmana i potencijalno vodilo boljim rezultatima, u odnosu na kasnije uključivanje u interventne programe.
Ključne reči: poremećaji autističkog spektra, motoričke sposobnosti, stepen težine simptoma
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