PREPOZNAVANJE PRIMARNIH EMOCIJA U KOMUNIKACIJI KOD ODRASLIH OSOBA SA INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU
Sažetak
Sposobnost prepoznavanja emocija pomaže osobama da razumeju socijalne situacije i da planiraju sopstveno ponašanje u određenim društvenim kontekstima. Paralingvistički segmenti komunikacije (facijalna ekspresija i prozodijske karakteristike) značajno doprinose zaključivanju o govornikovim emocijama, a prema nekim autorima se čak smatraju dominantnijim i pouzdanijim od lingvističkih segmenata u zadacima dekodiranja emocija.
Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje sposobnosti prepoznavanja primarnih emocija u komunikaciji uz pomoć paralingvističkih pokazatelja, kod odraslih osoba sa lakom i umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću.
Uzorak čini 60 odraslih ispitanika sa lakom (N=25) i umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću (N=35), ujednačenih prema polu i tipu stanovanja. Starosna dob ispitanika sa lakom se kreće od 20 do 55 godina (AS=31,24; SD=8,84), a ispitanika sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću od 22 do 52 godine (AS=34,17; SD=8,76).
Za procenu sposobnosti razumevanja emocija u komunikaciji korišćena je skala Razumevanja emocija u komunikaciji iz Baterije za procenu komunikacije (The Assessment Battery for Communication, ABaCo, Sacco et al., 2008).
Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da odrasle osobe sa intelektualnom ometenošću ispoljavaju najviše poteškoća u detektovanju emocije straha. Primenom T testa za nezavisne uzorke, utvrđeno je i da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena sa lakom IO, kao ni sa umerenom IO u pogledu sposobnosti prepoznavanja emocija (p>0,05). U odnosu na tip stanovanja, statistički značajne razlike su dobijene samo u grupi ispitanika sa umerenom intelektualnom ometenošću na emociji straha (t (33)=-3,51; p=0,01), u korist ispitanika koji žive u institucionalnom smeštaju. Dužina boravka u instituciji pozitivno i umereno korelira sa sposobnošću prepoznavanja emocije ljutnje kod odraslih osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću (r=0,46, p<0,05).
Ključne reči: facijalna ekspresija, prozodija, sniženo intelektualno funkcionisanje
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