POTREBE, PRAKSA I EFEKTIVNOST OBRAZOVANJA I PROFESIONALNOG OSPOSOBLJAVANJA OSUĐENIH
Sažetak
Uvođenjem kazne zatvora pojavila se potreba za iznalaženjem načina postupanja prema osuđenima koji će doprineti osnovnoj težnji – nečinjenju novih krivičnih dela. Cilj rada je da se opiše edukacija u zatvorima, forme i teorijska podloga na kojoj se obrazovna praksa razvijala i ocena efektivnosti edukativnih aktivnosti prema osuđenima. Još uvek se traga za modelom edukacije koji će zadovoljiti potrebe konkretnog osuđenog za obrazovanjem, ali i potrebe društva i tržišta rada u koje će se osuđeni uključiti po otpuštanju na slobodu. Potrebno je da osuđeni, na osnovu stečenog kvaliteta i nivoa znanja u zatvoru, zauzme mesto u svetu rada i legalnog načina pribavljanja egzistencijalnih dobara u slobodnom svetu. Paralelna očekivanja od edukativnih procesa prema osuđenima usmerena su i na njihovo disciplinovanje za vreme izvršenja kazne u zatvoru. Zatvor je primarno kazna. Dodatni faktor moduliranja je racionalizacija troškova budžetskih izdvajanja, kako bi se uz što manje utrošenih sredstava postigao što kvalitetniji rezultat. Dva veka takvih traganja mogu se činiti dugim periodom. Ipak, praksa kažnjavanja traje više hiljada godina. U ovom, relativno kratkom periodu, u različitim penalnim sistemima, zabeležen je spektar formi edukacije osuđenih, koje su bile manje ili više uspešne. Još uvek ne postoji nepobitna saglasnost da je postignuto osnovno nastojanje. Nekonzistentni su podaci o uticaju edukacije osuđenih na smanjenje recidivizma i kvalitet postpenalne reintegracije. Traganje traje i dalje.
Ključne reči: edukacija, osuđeni, zatvor, programi, efektivnost
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