Maloletni prestupnik kao žrtva kriminala
Sažetak
U javnosti postoji stereotip idealne žrtve koja zaslužuje pažnju i simpatije jer je bespomoćna i nije ničim izazvala prestupnika koji joj je naneo povredu ili štetu. U realnom životu žrtva veoma često može imati sasvim suprotne atribute i identitet. Novija istraživanja bave se ispitivanjem fenomena preklapanja žrtva-prestupnik, odnosno okolnosti da je žrtva istovremeno i prestupnik. Brojni autori ističu da postoji veća verovatnoća viktimizacije prestupnika u odnosu na lica koja nisu prestupnici, dok je sa druge strane veća verovatnoća prestupništva lica koja su bila žrtve krivičnog dela u odnosu na osobe koje nisu doživele viktimizaciju. U ovom radu je dat pregled nekih karakteristika fenomena preklapanja žrtve i prestupnika u kontekstu adolescenata sa ciljem da se ukaže na teorijskе odrednice i praktične implikacije odnosa između prestupništva i viktimizacije maloletnika. Proučavanje ovog odnosa je aktuelna tema u kriminologiji i viktimologiji, koja takođe ima aplikativni značaj za donošenje različitih odluka u sistemu maloletničkog pravosuđa.
Ključne reči: delinkvencija, viktimizacija, maloletni prestupnik, preklapanje žrtva-prestupnikReference
Berg, M., Stewart, E., Schreck, C., & Simons, R.(2012). The victim-offender overlap in context: examining the role of neighborhood street culture. Criminology, 50(2), 359-389.
Black, D. (1983). Crime as social control. American Sociological Review, 48(1), 34-45.
Christie, N. (1986). The ideal victim. In E. Fattah (Ed.) From Crime Policy to Victim Policy (pp. 17-30), Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Cohen, L., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588-608.
Deadman, D., & MacDonald, Z. (2004). Offenders as victims of crime?: An investigation into the relationship between criminal behaviour and victimization. Journal of Royal Statistical Society. Series A, 167(1), 53-67.
Entorf, H. (2012). Criminal Victims, Victimized Criminals, or Both? An Econometric Analysis of the Victim–Offender Overlap. Mimeo. Manuscript prepared for the IZA conference on the economics of risky behaviour, Istanbul. Retrived September 1, 2013. from http://www.iza.org/conference_files/riskonomics2012/entorf_h97.pdf
Entorf, H. (2013). Criminal victims, victimized criminals or both? A deeper look at the victim-offender overlap. IZA discussion paper, No. 7686. Retrived January 18, 2014. from http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/90015/1/dp7686.pdf
Finkelhor, D., & Asdigian, N. (1996). Risk factors for youth victimization: Beyond a lifestyle/routine activities theory approach. Violence and Victims, 11(1), 3-19.
Foreman-Peck, J., & Moore, S. (2010). Gratuitous violence and the rational offender model. International Review of Law and Economics, 30(2), 160-172.
Gottfredson, M. (1981). On the etiology of criminal victimization. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 72(2), 714-726.
Hentig, H. v. (1940). Remarks on the interaction of perpetrator and victim. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 31(3), str. 303-309.
Jennings, W., Higgins, G., Tewksbury, R., Gover, A., & Piquero, A. (2010). A longitudinal assessment of the victim-offender overlap. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(12), 2147-2174.
Jennings, W., Piquero, A., & Reingle, J. (2012). On the overlap between victimization and offending: A review of the literature. Aggression and violent behavior, 17(1), 16-26.
Karmen, A. (2013) Crime victims: An introduction to victimology. Belmont.CA: Wadsworth. Retrived December 14, 2013. from http://www.cengagebrain.com.au/content/9781285286624.pdf
Lauritsen, J., Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1991). The link between offending and victimization among adolescents. Criminology, 29(2), 265-292.
Lauritsen, J., & Laub, J. (2007). Understanding the link between victimization and offending: New reflections on an old idea. Crime Prevention Studies, 22, 55-75.
Lindgren, M., & Nikolić-Ristanović, V. (2011). Žrtve kriminaliteta: Međunarodni kontekst i situacija u Srbiji. Beograd: OEBS.
Menard, S. (2009). Victimization and illegal behavior. Retrived September 5, 2013. from http://dev.cjcenter.org/_files/cvi/VictimizationandIllegalBehaviorpress_000.pdf
Osgood, W., Wilson, J., Malley, P., Bachman, J., & Johnston, L. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61(4), 635-655.
Ousey, G., Wilcox, P., & Fisher, B. (2011). Something old, something new: Revisiting competing hypotheses of the victimization-offending relationship among adolescents. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 27(1), 53-84.
Posick, C. (2013). Untangling offending and victimization: a comparative study of the victim-offender overlap. Doctoral dissertation, Boston: Northeastern University. Retrived January 22, 2014. from http://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=criminology_diss
Schreck, C., Stewart, E., & Osgood, W. (2008). A reappraisal of the overlap of violent offenders and victims. Criminology, 46(4), 871-905.
Shaffer, J. (2004). The victim-offender overlap: Specifying the role of peer groups. US Department of Justice, Report document No. 205126. Retrived September 11, 2013. from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/205126.pdf
Singer, S. (1981). Homogeneous victim-offender population: A review and some research implications. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 72(2), 779-788.
Stevković, Lj., & Nikolić-Ristanović, V. (2016). Viktimizacija i delinkvencija, u V. Nikolić-Ristanović (Ur.) Delinkvencija i viktimizacija maloletnih lica u Srbiji: Rezultati Međunarodne ankete samoprijavljivanjem delinkvencije (str. 249-305), Beograd: IGP Prometej.
Vasiljević-Prodanović, D. (2012). Reintegrativno posramljivanje: Neformalno sredstvo formalne socijalne kontrole kriminaliteta. Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, 11(3), 483-502.
Vasiljević-Prodanović, D. (2013). Žrtva kojoj je potrebna pomoć ili prestupnik koji zaslužuje kaznu. u V. Nikolić-Ristanović (Ur.) Žrtve i savremeni odgovori na kriminalitet: između zaštite i zloupotrebe. Knjiga apstrakata (str. 25), Beograd: Viktimološko društvo Srbije.
Vasiljević-Prodanović, D. (2016a). Porodica i delinkventno ponašanje mladih, u V. Nikolić-Ristanović (Ur.) Delinkvencija i viktimizacija maloletnih lica u Srbiji: Rezultati Međunarodne ankete samoprijavljivanjem delinkvencije (str. 77-150), Beograd: IGP Prometej.
Vasiljević-Prodanović, D. (2016b). Škola i delinkventno ponašanje mladih, u V. Nikolić-Ristanović (Ur.) Delinkvencija i viktimizacija maloletnih lica u Srbiji: Rezultati Međunarodne ankete samoprijavljivanjem delinkvencije (str. 151-172), Beograd: IGP Prometej.