MALADAPTIVNO PONAŠANJE DECE SA POREMEĆAJEM AUTISTIČKOG SPEKTRA I DECE SA INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU
Sažetak
Maladaptivno ponašanje ima visoku stopu učestalosti u populacijama osoba sa poremećajem autističkog spektra i intelektualnom ometenošću (IO). Ranija istraživanja ukazuju na njegovu veću učestalost kod osoba sa poremećajem autističkog spektra u odnosu na osobe sa IO i atipičnim razvojem druge prirode.
Istraživanje ima za cilj da utvrdi učestalost i težinu samopovređivanja, stereotipnog ponašanja i agresije/destrukcije kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra i dece sa IO, kao i eventualne razlike između dijagnostičkih grupa; zatim, povezanost uzrasta sa oblicima maladaptivnog ponašanja i odnos između sva tri oblika maladaptivnog ponašanja unutar dijagnostičkih grupa.
Inventar problematičnog ponašanja je primenjen na uzorku od 22 ispitanika sa poremećajem autističkog spektra i 30 ispitanika sa IO, uzrasta od 7 do 12 godina. U oba slučaja se radi o osobama sa težim oblicima IO.
Najveću učestalost i težinu u obe dijagnostičke grupe ima stereotipno ponašanje, za kojim slede samopovređivanje i agresija/destrukcija. Samopovređujuće i stereotipno ponašanje imaju značajno veću učestalost i težinu kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra. Učestalost samopovređivanja značajno korelira sa stereotipnim ponašanjem kod dece sa IO, dok kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra postoji značajna povezanost između učestalosti samopovređivanja i agresije/destrukcije. Značajnu korelaciju u obe grupe ispitanika smo utvrdili i u odnosu na težinu ovih oblika maladaptivnog ponašanja. Uzrast signifikantno korelira sa maladaptivnim ponašanjem samo kod dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra, i to sa obe dimenzije samopovređivanja.
Neophodno je razvijati adaptivne sposobnosti dece sa poremećajem autističkog spektra i IO, kako bi se minimizirali rizici za pojavu maladaptivnog ponašanja, kao i da roditelji i stručnjaci steknu znanja o mogućnostima funkcionalne procene maladaptivnog ponašanja, i njegovog preusmeravanja u socijalno prihvatiljive oblike ponašanja.
Ključne reči: poremećaj autističkog spektra, intelektualna ometenost, maladaptivno ponašanje
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