OŠTEĆENJE VIDA KOD OSOBA SA INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU
Sažetak
Vid je jedan od najvažnijih modaliteta za primanje informacija o svetu koji nas okružuje i ima veliku ulogu u razvoju deteta. Oštećenje vida predstavlja značajnu prepreku za optimalno funkcionisanje osobe i ostvarivanje zadovoljavajućeg kvaliteta života. Neprepoznate vizuelne teškoće mogu negativno da utiču na razvoj, socijalno ponašanje i učenje dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO), zbog čega je rana procena vida kod dece iz ove populacije veoma značajna.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da većina dece i odraslih osoba sa IO ima probleme sа vidom, i to u većem stepenu nego osobe iz opšte populacije. Neki autori smatraju da osobe sa IO treba istovremeno posmatrati i kao osobe sа oštećenjem vida, dok se ne dokaže suprotno.
Kod osoba sa IO najčešće se procenjuje oštrina vida na daljinu, ali je veoma važno da se sprovede detaljnija procena, koja uključuje i posmatranje vizuelnog ponašanja tokom vremena. Kad god nije moguća primena standardnih testova, koriste se adaptirani testovi, koji uključuju specifične potrebe osoba sa IO.
Poznavanje uticaja višestrukih smetnji na stanje vizuelnih funkcija, funkcionalnog vida i karakteristika vizuelnog funkcionisanja osigurava blagovremeno reagovanje stručnjaka i prevenciju sekundarnih teškoća u razvoju.
Ključne reči: oštećenje vida, intelektualna ometenost, višestruka ometenost
Reference
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