NEKI ASPEKTI SENZORNE DISFUNKCIJE KOD MLADIH OSOBA SA POREMEĆAJEM IZ SPEKTRA AUTIZMA
Sažetak
Senzornu disfunkciju karakterišu poteškoće pri prijemu, obradi i integraciji senzornih stimulusa, koje rezultiraju neobičnom reakcijom na senzorne podražaje. Izmenjena senzorna reaktivnost beleži se kod velikog broja osoba sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma.
Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su utvrditi: a) odnos između težine autističkog poremećaja i senzornih disfunkcija; b) odnos između različitih senzornih modaliteta; c) odnos između uzrasta i funkcionisanja na senzornim modalitetima; d) koji su to modaliteti u kojima ispitanici imaju najizraženije senzorne disfunkcije.
Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 60 ispitanika sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma, uzrasta od 11 do 26 godina. Za merenje senzornih odgovora ispitanika korišćen je Senzorni profil adolescenata i odraslih (The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Brown & Dunn, 2002). Za potrebe utvrđivanje težine autističkog poremećaja korišćena je Skala za procenu pervazivnih poremećaja razvoja kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Mental Retardation Scale, PDD-MRS, Kraijer & de Bildt, 2005).
Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da kod mladih osoba sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma nema statistički značajnih relacija između težine autističkog poremećaja i senzornih disfunkcija. Skoro svi senzorni modaliteti međusobno koreliraju statistički značajno. Značajne korelacije su izostale između uzrasta ispitanika i izmenjenih senzornih reakcija. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici ostvaruju značajno viša postignuća na supskali Aktivitet u poređenju sa svim ostalim supskalama, na osnovu čega zaključujemo da ispitanici iz našeg uzorka imaju najviše poteškoća u prilagođavanju svog nivoa aktivnosti zahtevima svakodnevnih situacija.
Ovi nalazi imaju značajne praktične implikacije, kako na planiranje i realizaciju senzornih intervencija kod ovih osoba, tako i na potrebu za usklađivanjem karakteristika okruženja u kom borave, zadataka koji im se zadaju i njihovih senzornih specifičnosti.
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