SPOSOBNOST PLANIRANJA KOD DECE SA LAKOM INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU
Sažetak
Planiranje se smatra jednom od najkompleksnijih kognitivnih sposobnosti, koja podrazumeva stvaranje mentalne reprezentacije problema, evaluaciju nekoliko mogućih načina rešavanja i njihovih posledica. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje nivoa razvoja sposobnosti planiranja kod dece sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (LIO).
Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 93-oje dece sa LIO, oba pola, uzrasta od 10 do 14 godina. Prosečan koeficijent inteligencije u uzorku iznosi oko 60 IQ jedinica (AS=60,45, SD=7,26), dok se minimalne i maksimalne vrednosti kreću u okvirima definisanog raspona za kategoriju lake intelektualne ometenosti (50-70).
Iz školske dokumentacije preuzeti su podaci o uzrastu i nivou intelektualnog funkcionisanja ispitanika. Za procenu sposobnosti planiraja upotrebljen je test Londonska kula.
Analizom rezultata je utvrđeno da većina dece sa LIO koristi nedovoljno efikasne strategije za rešavanje problema. Način rešavanja zadataka kod većine ispitane dece (57%) karakteriše nestabilan/kolebajući pristup rešavanju problema (intemedijarni nivo). Četvrtina ispitanika uspešno koristi strategije višeg reda, dok 16.1% njih koristi perceptivnu strategiju, odn. metod pokušaj-greška. Utvrđena je značajna negativna korelacija IQ-a i broja pomeranja kugli, kao i vremena rešavanja zadataka. Korelacija IQ-a i ukupnog broja rešenih zadataka je pozitivna. Varijabilnost uspešnosti rešavanja zadataka nije značajno povezana sa uzrastom i polom ispitanika.
Ključne reči: laka intelektualna ometenost, planiranje, egzekutivne funkcije, Londonska kula
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