Fizičke aktivnosti osoba sa oštećenjem vida i faktori koji ih određuju
Sažetak
Uvod: Fizičke aktivnosti su veoma značajne za fizičko i psihičko zdravlje i za sam kvalitet života. Nevezano za uzrast, one vode višem stepenu participacije u životu zajednice. Bez obzira na blagotvorne efekte, osobe sa invaliditetom najčešće ne ispunjavaju minimum fizičkog angažovanja preporučljiv za ostvarivanje zdravog stila života. Cilj: Cilj rada je detektovanje faktora koji su u vezi s fizičkim aktivnostima mlađih osoba sa oštećenjem vida. Metode: U istraživanju je učestvovalo 45 ispitanika oba pola (53% žena), uzrasta od 18 do 39 godina (AS = 28.78, SD = 7.22), bez dodatnih teškoća koje ograničavaju vežbanje. Korišćena je Skala za ispitivanje barijera u upražnjavanju fizičkih aktivnosti osoba sa oštećenjem vida (Physical Activity Barrier Scale for Persons Who are Blind or Visually Impaired). Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali da se ispitanici sa oštećenjem vida u upražnjavanju fizičkih aktivnosti najčešće suočavaju s nepovoljnim sredinskim faktorima, a u okviru njih s barijerama koje proizilaze iz fizičkog okruženja. Slede lični faktori, gde su izražene barijere psihološke prirode. Na trećem mestu su faktori u vezi s vizuelnom ometenošću. Varijable od značaja za participiranje u fizičkim aktivnostima mlađih odraslih jesu pol i samostalnost u kretanju, dok stepen oštećenja vida i radni status to nisu. Ispitanice, u odnosu na ispitanike, značajno češće doživljavaju četiri od osam ispitivanih barijera, dok osobe sa oštećenjem vida koje se ne kreću samostalno doživljavaju značajno veću učestalost tri vrste ispitivanih barijera. Zaključak: Nalazi istraživanja impliciraju da za povećanje stepena učešća osoba sa oštećenjem vida u fizičkim aktivnostima najpre treba nastojati na većem prilagođavanju fizičkog i socijalnog okruženja.
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