SAVREMENI MODELI AMPLIFIKACIJE SENZORINEURALNIH I KONDUKTIVNIH OŠTEĆENJA SLUHA
Abstract
Osnovna funkcija slušnih pomagala je da poboljšaju auditorne i govorne sposobnosti gluvih ili nagluvih korisnika. Model amplifikacije treba da bude prilagođen uzrastu i ličnim potrebama, stepenu i vrsti oštećenja sluha.
Cilj rada je da analiziramo aktuelne modele amplifikacije senzorineuralnih i konduktivnih oštećenja sluha koji mogu da obezbede visok kvalitet percepcije govora i zvukova iz okoline bez obzira na vrstu i stepen slušne disfunkcije. Aktuelni model amplifikacije za konduktivna oštećenja sluha je BAHA ugradni aparat. Koristi se kod trajne konduktivne ili mešovite nagluvosti lakog i srednje teškog stepena, kod kojih durgim operacijama nije moguće popraviti sluh. Može se primeniti i kod jednostrane gluvoće, ukoliko je sluh na drugom uvu očuvan. Za senzorineuralna oštećenja sluha, poslednja generacija pomagala je kohlearni implant. U savremenim uslovima života, binauralno slušanje korisnicima kohlearnog implanta omogućava bimodalna amplifikacija, tj. slušni aparat na neimplantiranom uvu. U edukativnom preocesu i komunikaciji na daljinu, od velike koristi je FM sistem. Njegova osnovna namena je da smanji udaljenost između izvora zvuka i slušaoca jer je intenzitet zvučnog signala sve slabiji što je dalji od njegovog izvora. Primena različitih modela amplifikacije, od surdologa, audiologa i drugih stručnjaka, iziskuje vrlo visok nivo znanja i kontinuiranu edukaciju u oblasti ampkifikacije.
Ključne reči: gluvoća, nagluvost, amplifikacija.
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