Neurolingvistički i klinički aspekt agramatizma kod afazije

  • Mile Vuković Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Beograd, Srbija
  • Ana Kovač JZU Dom zdravlja, Nikšić, Crna Gora
Ključne reči: afazija, agramatizam, argumentska struktura glagola, neuronski supstrati agramatizma, tretman agramatizma

Sažetak


Uvod. Agramatizam predstavlja poremećaj gramatičke strukture usled oštećenja dominantne hemisfere mozga. Iako se ovom afazičkom poremećaju u literaturi posvećuje dosta pažnje, njegova priroda još uvek nije dovoljno razjašnjena. Cilj. U radu je dat pregled istraživanja agramatizma s ciljem bližeg određivanja anatomsko-kliničke korelacije i karakteristika agramatičke afazije, kao i razmatranja pristupa tretmanu. Metode. Uvid u relevantnu literaturu izvršen je pristupom elektronskim bazama podataka biblioteka Srbije, kao i upotrebom specijalizovanih pretraživača na internetu. Pored toga korišćena je literatura dostupna u Univerzitetskoj biblioteci u Beogradu. Rezultati. Analizom radova o anatomsko-kliničkoj korelaciji agramatizma utvrđeno je da se pri produkciji glagola sa složenom strukturom argumenata povećava aktivnost anteriornih i posteriornih oblasti mozga uključenih u neuronsku mrežu za jezik. U produkciji gramatičnih rečenica primarnu ulogu ima donji levi frontalni korteks, dok temporoparijetalni korteks učestvuje u leksičkoj obradi argumentske strukture glagola i ima ključnu ulogu u semantičkoj integraciji. Studije posvećene lingvističkoj interpretaciji pokazuju da su ključne karakteristike agramatizma oštećenje sintaksičkog procesiranja i teškoće u upotrebi glagola sa složenom argumentskom strukturom, što uzrokuje smetnje u produkciji i prepoznavanju gramatičnih rečenica. U tretmanu agramatizma izdvajamo pristupe koji su usmereni na restituciju metalingvističkog znanja o jezičkim svojstvima glagola i njihovoj argumentskoj strukturi. Zaključak. Iako se agramatizam primarno vezuje za lezije frontalnog korteksa, njegovoj pojavi doprinose i oštećenja posteriornih kortikalnih oblasti. U osnovi agramatičke afazije nalaze se deficiti sintaksičkog procesiranja i teškoće u upotrebi glagola sa složenom argumentskom strukturom. Tretman agramatizma ima za cilj restituciju znanja o jezičkim svojstvima glagola u pogledu strukture argumenata i semantičkih tematskih uloga u rečenicama.

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2020/07/28
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