Prospektivna memorija kod učenika s teškoćama u učenju
Sažetak
Uvod: Značaj pamćenja nije ograničen samo na prisećanje znanja i iskustava iz prošlosti – retrospektivna memorija (RM), već obuhvata i pamćenje onoga što bi pojedinac morao da ostvari u budućnosti – prospektivna memorija (PM). Ciljevi: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da utvrdi nivo RM i PM kod učenika s teškoćama u učenju u odnosu na pol i razred koji pohađaju, kao i da ustanovi razlike između ova dva tipa pamćenja. Metode: U ovom istraživanju primenjena je komparativna deskriptivna statistika. Istraživački uzorak se sastoji od 37 srednjoškolaca s teškoćama u učenju, oba pola. Procena je izvršena primenom upitnika za PM i RM (The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire). Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su kod učenika s teškoćama u učenju PM i RM značajno ispod proseka, s tim što su oba oblika pamćenja statistički značajno razvijenija kod ispitanika ženskog pola, kao i kod učenika trećih razreda, u poređenju sa dečacima i učenicima ostalih razreda. Zaključak: Učenici s teškoćama u učenju mogli bi da se suoče sa smanjenjem kapaciteta za pamćenje u budućnosti, što ima za posledicu poteškoće u svakodnevnom životu. Stoga se nastavnici usmeravaju da koriste spoljašnja pomoćna sredstva, poput pravljenja zabeleški, kako bi se pomoglo učenicima s teškoćama u učenju da se prisete kako da urade svoje zadatke.
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