Teorija uma i problemi u ponašanju kod osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću
Sažetak
Uvod: Problemi u ponašanju kod osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću prisutni su češće nego kod osoba tipične populacije i predstavljaju prepreku njihovom adaptivnom funkcionisanju i društvenoj uključenosti. Budući da je za prilagođeno socijalno ponašanje potrebno, između ostalog, adekvatno razumevanje i tumačenje misli i ponašanja drugih osoba, teorija uma mogla bi biti jedan od faktora prilagođenog ponašanja i problema u ponašanju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da se pregledom literature izdvoje istraživanja u kojima je obrađivana problematika odnosa između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Metode: Uvid u dostupnu literaturu izvršen je pretraživanjem elektronskih baza podataka koje su dostupne preko servisa Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku – KOBSON, kao i pretragama preko pretraživača Google Scholar i Research Gate. Rezultati: Na osnovu analiziranih rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da postoji negativna korelacija između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju, kako kod dece, tako i kod adolescenata i odraslih osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću. Dok je u nekim istraživanjima utvrđena direktna povezanost između sposobnosti teorije uma i problema u ponašanju, u drugim istraživanjima je utvrđeno da je ta povezanost posredna, pri čemu ulogu posrednika uglavnom imaju egzekutivne funkcije, socijalna prihvaćenost, kvalitet interakcije s roditeljima i rezilijentnost. Zaključak: Budući da rezultati više studija sugerišu da naprednija teorija uma omogućava uspešnije socijalne interakcije i prilagođenije ponašanje, potrebno je edukaciju osoba s intelektualnom ometenošću obogatiti sadržajima koji se odnose na razumevanje misli, emocija, želja i namera, kao jedan od elemenata pristupa tretmanu, u cilju preveniranja problematičnih oblika ponašanja.
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