POREMEĆAJI ZAVISNOSTI, PSIHOPATIJA I KRIMINAL U SVETLU NALAZA EMPIRIJSKIH STUDIJA

Sažetak

POREMEĆAJI ZAVISNOSTI, PSIHOPATIJA I KRIMINAL U SVETLU NALAZA EMPIRIJSKIH STUDIJA[1]

Rezime

U radu se na osnovu dostupne empirijske građe ispituje naučna zasnovanost široko prihvaćene teze o povezanosti zavisnosti od supstanci, psihopatije i kriminala.  Analiza istraživačkih rezultata svedoči da povezanost postoji ne samo na simptomatskom nivou, već i na nivou etiologije. Utvrđeno je da isti faktori rizika leže u osnovi alkoholizma, narkomanije,  psihopatije i kriminalnog ponašanja; Takođe, je ustanovljeno da prisustvo poremećaja u ponašanju na ranom uzrastu ( pre 15. god) ukazuje da je psihopatski poremećaj primaran i da je u tom slučaju pouzdan prediktor neuspeha i tretmana zavisnosti i penalnih tretmana, te da suštinski doprinosi kriminalnom i adiktivnom recidivizmu. Dezinhibirajuće dejstvo supstanci čini da, inače povišeno agresivni i slabo kontrolisani psihopati postaju još violentniji i opasniji, a najviše ih je među politoksikomanima. Zato je za prevenciju sve tri maladaptabilne forme, od naročite važnosti kategorija maloletnika sa  ranim problematičnim ponašanjem, nižih verbalnih sposobnosti, povišene impulsivnosti i visoke agresivnosti karakeristične za psihopate. Sudeći po nalazima istraživanja, izostanak poremećaja u ponašanju u doba maloletništva pokazatelj je da se psihopatsko i kriminalno ponašanje pojavljuju kao sekundarni efekat zavisnosti od supstanci, pa su izgledi za rehabilitaciju u tom slučaju veći.

Ključne reči: alkoholizam, narkomanija, psihopatija, kriminal, povezanost

ADDICTION DISORDERS, PSYCHOPATHY AND CRIME

IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESULTS OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES

Summary

The paper is based on the available empirical researches and examines the scientific basis of widely accepted thesis about the connection of substance addiction, psychopathy and crime. Analysis of researches results indicated that correlation between observed phenomena exist not only at symptomatic level, but also at the level of etiology. It was established that the same risk factors underlying alcoholism, drug addiction, psychopathy and criminal behavior; It was also, found that the presence of conduct disorders at the early age (before 15 years) indicates the primary of psychopathic disorder and that in this case, psychopathy is a reliable predictor of failure of addiction treatment and penal treatment, too, and that it contributes substantially to addictive and criminal recidivism.  Otherwise elevated aggressive and poorly controlled psychopaths under the desinhibited influence of substances become even more violent and dangerous and most of them are   polysubstance disorder. Therefore, for the prevention of all three maladaptive forms of particular importance is the category of minors with early disruptive behavior, characterized by lower verbal ability, increased impulsivity and high aggressiveness as a main feature of psychopathy.
Judging by the survey findings, the absence of conduct disorders in juvenile period could be considered as an indicator that psychopathic and criminal behavior occurs as a secondary effects of the substance dependence, and has better chances for rehabilitation.

Keywords: alcoholism, drug addiction, psychopathy, crime, connection

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