Kognitivni i jezički deficiti kod osoba sa Parkinsonovom bolešću
Sažetak
Uvod: Savremena shvatanja Parkinsonove bolesti sve više ističu značaj različitih nemotoričkih znakova, među kojima su i kognitivni i jezički deficiti. To je zaokret u odnosu na ranija istraživanja, koja su uglavnom bila usmerena na izučavanje motoričkih poremećaja. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da se na sistematičan način predstave i analiziraju savremeni empirijski podaci o prisustvu jezičkih i kognitivnih deficita kod osoba sa Parkinsonovom bolešću, uz osvrt na studije posvećene proceni i tretmanu kognitivnih i jezičkih poremećaja. Metode: Za pretragu relevantne literature korišćene su različite elektronske baze biblioteka Srbije i specijalizovani internet pretraživači. U obradi podataka iz literature korišćene su deskriptivna, analitička i sintetička metoda. Rezultati: Rezultati empirijskih studija pokazuju da se kognitivni poremećaji mogu uočiti već u početnim fazama bolesti, te da postaju sve izraženiji s njenom progresijom. Kognitivni deficiti se ispoljavaju u oblastima egzekutivnih funkcija, vizuospacijalnih sposobnosti, pažnje i pamćenja. Studije posvećene proučavanju jezika svedoče u prilog manifestacije deficita u svim jezičkim modalitetima. Jezički i kognitivni poremećaji, udruženi sa dizartrijom i smetnjama neverbalne komunikacije, negativno utiču na komunikativne sposobnosti, a time i na kvalitet života obolelih osoba. Zaključak: Kognitivni pad u Parkinsonovoj bolesti kreće se od blagog kognitivnog poremećaja do izražene kliničke slike demencije. Jezički poremećaji manifestuju se u auditivnom razumevanju, spontanom govoru, diskursu, imenovanju, ponavljanju, čitanju i pisanju. U tretmanu kognitivnih i jezičkih deficita koriste se farmakološki i nefarmakološki pristup. Govorno-jezička terapija, kao deo nefarmakološkog pristupa, ima za cilj usporavanje progresije kognitivnih i jezičkih poremećaja, održavanje komunikacionih sposobnosti i kompenzaciju deficita.
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