Auditivna percepcija kod osoba s poremećajem iz spektra autizma: pregled istraživanja
Sažetak
Uvod: Pojava atipičnih reakcija na auditivne senzorne draži kod osoba sa poremećajima iz spektra autizma (PSA) zapaža se na ranom uzrastu. Cilj: Ovaj pregled literature imao je za cilj analizu bihevioralnih i elektrofizioloških istraživanja auditivne percepcije kod osoba sa PSA. Metode: Nalazi su organizovani u odnosu na primenjenu metodologiju i stimuluse korišćene u ispitivanju auditivne percepcije. Rezultati: Identifikacija i diskriminacija izolovanih akustičkih karakteristika uglavnom je očuvana ili bolja kod osoba sa PSA, kako za čiste, tako i za složene tonove i govorne stimuluse u odnosu na tipičnu populaciju. Vodeće teorije auditivnog funkcionisanja osoba sa PSA ukazuju na to da je periferna (lokalna) obrada detalja zvuka očuvana ili napredna u odnosu na tipičnu populaciju, a da se teškoće kod osoba sa PSA pojavljuju u integraciji lokalno analiziranih informacija u smislenu celinu (globalna obrada). Razlika između ovih teorija je u tome što Teorija slabe centralne koherencije (Weak Central Coherence ‒ WCC) insistira na sigurnom prisustvu nedostataka u globalnoj obradi, dok Teorija perceptivnog funkcionisanja (Perceptual Functioning theory ‒ EPF) nije toliko isključiva i ukazuje na to da poremećaj u globalnoj obradi može da bude prisutan, ali ne obavezno. Zaključak: Može se zaključiti da je auditivna percepcija i obrada visine tona očuvana ili pojačana kod osoba sa PSA bez obzira na vrstu zvučnog stimulusa, što se objašnjava povećanjem auditivnog kapaciteta za obradu informacija. To je u nekim slučajevima korisno, dok u drugim taj dodatni kapacitet rezultira obradom nebitnih informacija, čime se povećava podložnost distrakciji.
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