Primena mozak–računar interfejs sistema u komunikaciji osoba sa teškim motoričkim deficitima
Sažetak
Uvod: Održavanje i unapređenje komunikacionih sposobnosti osoba sa teškim motoričkim deficitima su osnovni ciljevi logopedske rehabilitacije. Mozak–računar interfejs sistemi mogu da se koriste kao sredstva u komunikaciji ove grupe korisnika, s obzirom na to da im omogućavaju kontrolu spoljašnjih uređaja uz pomoć moždane aktivnosti. Ova asistivna tehnologija predstavlja novi komunikacioni kanal između ljudskog mozga i računara, ili drugih uređaja. Naime, nameru korisnika, koja se odražava u moždanim signalima, ovi sistemi prevode u autput koji se koristi za kontrolu eksternog uređaja, bez upotrebe mišićne aktivnosti. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da se opišu i navedu osnovne vrste i podele mozak–računar interfejs sistema, kao i njihov razvoj za komunikaciju kod osoba sa teškim motoričkim deficitima. Metode: Prilikom uvida u dostupnu literaturu korišćeni su servis Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku – KOBSON, kao i pretraživači Google Scholar i Research Gate. Zaključak: Rani sistemi za komunikaciju, koji su bili zasnovani na tumačenju moždanih talasa, omogućavali su odgovore na jednostavna „da/ne” pitanja. Nakon toga njihova upotreba je bila moguća i u metodama spelovanja, čija je brzina vremenom postala veća. Razvoj mozak–računar interfejs sistema usmeren je ka smanjenju dužine obuke, jer su vremenski dugi treninzi jedna od glavnih prepreka za prihvatanje od korisnika. Pored toga, istraživanja u ovoj oblasti usmerena su na poboljšanje performansi u svim delovima sistema za komunikaciju, kao i na razvoj pouzdanog interfejsa između korisnika i računara.
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