Objektivni indikatori kvaliteta života kod osoba s različitim vidnim statusom
Sažetak
Uvod: Kvalitet života je širok i složen konstrukt. Svetska zdravstvena organizacija ga definiše kao „percepciju pojedinca o sopstvenom položaju u životu (...) u odnosu na njegove ciljeve, očekivanja, standarde i interesovanja“. Snižene vidne funkcije imaju negativan uticaj na celokupno funkcionisanje osobe. Teškoće u pristupu vizuelnim informacijama i problemi u orijentaciji i kretanju stvaraju značajna ograničenja u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti i dovode do smanjenih mogućnosti za obrazovanje, rad, učešće u društvu i aktivnostima slobodnog vremena. Ograničeno učešće u navedenim oblastima zajedno s nižim socijalnim interakcijama ima negativan uticaj na kvalitet života pojedinca. Međutim, nejasno je da li je ovaj konstrukt kod osoba sa oštećenjem vida kompromitovan zbog smanjene sposobnosti obavljanja svakodnevnih aktivnosti ili zbog poteškoća u uspostavljanju socijalnih interakcija. Cilj: U nastojanju da se ukaže na posledice oštećenja vida na kvalitet života, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi objektivan kvalitet života odraslih osoba s različitim vizuelnim statusom, kada se kontroliše starost. Metode: Za procenu objektivnog kvaliteta života korišćena je Sveobuhvatna skala kvaliteta života. Uzorak je činilo 175 odraslih osoba, od toga 92 ispitanika sa oštećenjem vida i 83 ispitanika bez strukturalnih ili funkcionalnih problema u vizuelnom sistemu. Rezultati: Rezultati osam ANCOVA analiza ukazali su na značajan uticaj vizuelnog statusa na objektivni kvalitet života u celini (p < .001) i na njegova četiri domena: materijalno blagostanje, zdravlje, produktivnost i mesto u zajednici. Zaključak: Prisutni su efekti različitog vizuelnog statusa na posmatrani konstrukt kada se kontroliše starost kao varijabla.
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