Govorno-jezički deficiti kod dece sa selektivnim mutizmom – uzrok, komorbiditet ili posledice?

Bojana Drljan

doi:10.5937/specedreh21-36611

Bojana Drljan Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Beograd, Srbija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh21-36611

Ključne reči: selektivni mutizam, govorno-jezički deficiti, etiološki faktori, komorbiditet

Sažetak

Uvod: Selektivni mutizam (SM) je poremećaj koji se opisuje u okviru dve dimenzije – psihološke i logopedske. Najveći broj istraživačkih radova posvećen je psihološkoj dimenziji SM. Međutim, u novije vreme sve veći broj istraživanja ukazuje na značajno oštećenje govorno-jezičkih sposobnosti kod dece sa SM, kao i na moguću povezanost teškoća u razvoju jezičkih sposobnosti i pojave SM na školskom uzrastu. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je pregled literature o govorno-jezičkim deficitima kod dece sa SM u svrhu razjašnjenja uzročno-posledičnih veza između jezičkih i anksioznih poremećaja. Metode: Za pretragu literature korišćene su baze Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbiji i relevantni internet pretraživači. Rezultati: U literaturi je dostupno devet istraživačkih studija govorno-jezičkih sposobnosti kod dece sa SM. Najčešći potvrđeni poremećaji govorno-jezičkog razvoja su razvojni jezički poremećaj mešovitog i ekspresivnog tipa, razvojni fonološki poremećaj i deficiti jezičkog procesiranja, koji se značajno češće javljaju kod dece sa SM u odnosu na decu sa anksioznim poremećajima bez prisustva SM i decu tipičnog razvoja. Ovi deficiti povezani su sa teškoćama u ovladavanju akademskim veštinama, ali i sa teškoćama u socijalnim veštinama i rizikom pojave bihevioralnih problema na školskom uzrastu. Zaključak: Iako su postojeće studije pružile dragocen uvid u neke aspekte govorno-jezičkog razvoja dece sa SM, još uvek nije razjašnjen odnos jezičkih deficita i simptoma anksioznosti kod ove dece tokom različitih razvojnih perioda. Posebno nedostaju istraživanja o ranom govorno-jezičkom razvoju, koja bi mogla rasvetliti kompleksnu uzročno-posledičnu dinamiku jezičkih i anksioznih poremećaja koje ispoljavaju deca sa SM.

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