Odnos tehnike čitanja i fine motorike kod učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta
Sažetak
Uvod: Uloga motorike u veštini čitanja nije toliko očigledna, te je i znatno ređe proučavana. Rezultati pojedinih istraživanja ukazuju na to da je veza između motorike i čitanja prisutna i da zavisi od ispitivane motoričke komponente. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost vizuomotoričke koordinacije i vizuomotoričke integracije sa tehnikom čitanja kod učenika mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Metode: Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 103 ispitanika uzrasta od devet do 11 godina. Za procenu tehnike čitanja korišćena je skala Likertovog tipa sa četiri deskriptora, kojima su obuhvaćeni najčešći tipovi problema tokom čitanja. Fina motorika je procenjena subtestovima Akadija testa razvojnih sposobnosti – Vizuomotorička koordinacija i mogućnost sleda i Crtanje oblika. Kao kovarijati odabrani su inteligencija, radna memorija i inhibitorna kontrola. Inteligencija je procenjena Ravenovim progresivnim matricama, radna memorija zadatkom Raspon cifara unazad, a inhibitorna kontrola Kreni/stani zadatkom. Rezultati: Primenom hijerarhijske regresione analize utvrđeno je da su vizuomotorička koordinacija i radna memorija nezavisni prediktori tehnike čitanja. Vizuomotorička koordinacija objašnjava 5.2% varijanse, nakon što je uklonjen uticaj inteligencije i bazičnih egzekutivnih funkcija. Vizuomotorička integracija nije razmatrana kao prediktor tehnike čitanja pošto je utvrđeno da sa njom nije statistički značajno povezana. Zaključak: U razmatranju značaja fine motorike potrebno je analizirati pojedinačne komponente, jer rezultati ovog, kao i prethodnih istraživanja, ukazuju na to da nisu svi aspekti fine motorike podjednako značajni činioci razvoja veštine čitanja. U kontekstu prevencije teškoća u usvajanju čitanja bilo bi poželjno primenjivati aktivnosti kojima bi se stimulisao razvoj fine motorike i radne memorije već od predškolskog uzrasta.
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