Toaletni trening kod dece s nekim razvojnim poremećajima
Sažetak
Ovladavanje veštinama u okviru toaletnog treninga u detinjstvu smatra se značajnom razvojnom odrednicom. Sticanje veština pravilnog korišćenja toaleta kod dece s razvojnim poremećajima često je odloženo. Cilj ovog rada je da izloži moguće probleme koji se javljaju kod dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću, poremećajem iz spektra autizma i cerebralnom paralizom tokom uspostavljanja toaletnih veština, kao i da ukaže na intervencije koje su se u ovom domenu pokazale efikasnim. U radu je ukazano na specifičnosti svake od tretiranih kliničkih slika u pogledu ovladavanja veštinama tokom toaletnog treninga. Posebno su obrađene bihevioralne intervencije, za koje je naglašeno da je ključno da budu individualizovane na osnovu fizičkih ograničenja i kognitivnog statusa deteta. Među efikasnim intervencijama ističu se potkrepljenje, podsticanje, gašenje, demonstracije, vizuelni rasporedi i druge, koje su izvedene iz programa tretmana za decu sa razvojnim poremećajima.
Reference
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association.
Bell, T. (2019). Physical health and well-being. In O. Barr & B. Gates (Eds.) Oxford handbook of learning and intellectual disability nursing (pp. 144-223). Oxford University Press.
Belva, B., Matson, J. L., Barker, A., Shoemaker, M. E., & Mahan, S. (2011). The relationship between adaptive behavior and specific toileting problems according to the profile on toileting issues (POTI). Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23, 535-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-011-9245-1
Bernatchez, M. C., Poirier, C., Morales, E., & Maltais, D. (2017). Rethinking the bathroom for adolescents with cerebral palsy: an exploratory pilot study addressing privacy and independence. Journal of Accessibility and Design for All, 7(2), 218-235. https://doi.org/10.17411/jacces.v7i2.119
Cagliani, R. R., Snyder, S. K., & White, E. N. (2021). Classroom based intensive toilet training for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51, 4436-4446. Cagliani, R. R., Snyder, S. K., & White, E. N. (2021). Classroom based intensive toilet training for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51, 4436-4446.
Cagliani, R.R., Snyder, S.K. & White, E.N. Classroom Based Intensive Toilet Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 51, 4436–4446 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04883-3
Cocchiola, M. A., & Redpath, C. C. (2017). Special populations: Toilet training children with disabilities. In J. Matson (Ed.) Clinical guide to toilet training children (pp. 227-250). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62725-0_13
Djuric-Zdravkovic, A., Perovic, D., Milanovic-Dobrota, B., & Japundza-Milisavljevic, M. (2021). Gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability (Grobmotorische Fähigkeiten bei Kindern mit Zerebralparese und geistiger Behinderung). Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin, 31(01), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1193-5170
Duker, P. C., Averink, M., & Melein, L. (2001). Response restriction as a method to establish diurnal bladder control. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106(3), 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2001)106<0209:RRAAMT>2.0.CO;2
Đurić-Zdravković, A. (2020). Pedagogija osoba s poremećajem intelektualnog razvoja. Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju.
Estes, A., Munson, J., Dawson, G., Koehler, E., Zhou, X. H., & Abbott, R. (2009). Parenting stress and psychological functioning among mothers of preschool children with autism and developmental delay. Autism, 13(4), 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361309105658
Fleming, E., & MacAlister, L. (2016). Toilet training and the autism spectrum (ASD). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Gundogdu, G., Komur, M., Avlan, D., Sari, F.B., Delibas, A., Tasdelen, B., Nayci, A., Okuyaz, C. (2013). Relationship of bladder dysfunction with upper urinary tract deterioration in cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 9(5), 659-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.07.020
Holingue, C., Newill, C., Lee, L. C., Pasricha, P. J., & Daniele Fallin, M. (2018). Gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder: A review of the literature on ascertainment and prevalence. Autism Research, 11(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1854
Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”. (2021). Registar dece sa smetnjama u razvoju – Stručno-metodološko uputstvo za primenu registra. Institut za javno zdravlje Srbije „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut”.
Jiang, W., Sun, H., Gu, B., Zhan, Q., Wei, M., Li, S., Chen, F. & Xiao, B. (2022). Urodynamic study findings and related influential factors in pediatric spastic cerebral palsy. Scientific Reports, 12, 6962. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11057-3
Kroeger, K., & Sorensen, R. (2010). A parent training model for toilet training children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(6), 556-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01286.x
Kroeger-Geoppinger, K. (2021). Toilet training. In F. R. Volkmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders, (pp. 4856-4858). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102461
Matson, J. L., & LoVullo, S. V. (2009). Encopresis, soiling and constipation in children and adults with developmental disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30(4), 799-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.001
Matson, J. L., Horovitz, M., & Sipes, M. (2011). Characteristics of individuals with toileting problems and intellectual disability using the Profile of Toileting Issues (POTI). Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 4(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2010.531443
Matson, J. L., Issarraras, A. (2019). Incontinence. In J. L. Matson (Ed.) Handbook of intellectual disabilities. Autism and child psychopathology series, (pp. 1093-1103). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_57
McCann, M., Kelly, A. M., Eustace‐Cook, J., Howlin, C., & Daly, L. (2022). Community nurses’ attitudes, knowledge and educational needs in relation to urinary continence, continence assessment and management: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(7-8), 1041-1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15969
Millard, E., Benore, E., & Mosher, K. (2013). A multidisciplinary functional toileting pathway for children with cerebral palsy: Preliminary analysis. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1(1), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpp0000005
Niemczyk, J., Wagner, C., & Von Gontard, A. (2018). Incontinence in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 1523-1537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1062-3
Ozturk, M., Oktem, F., Kisioglu, N., Demirci, M., Altuntas, I., Kutluhan, S., & Dogan, M. (2006). Bladder and bowel control in children with cerebral palsy: Case-control study. Croatian Medical Journal, 47(2), 264-270. https://hrcak.srce.hr/3107
Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., & Galuppi, B. (1997). Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 39, 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x
Perihan, C., Burke, M. D., Bowman-Perrott, L., Gallup, J. (2021). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ASD. In F. R. Volkmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of autism spectrum disorders, (pp. 1028-1032). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102461
Ramachandra, P., & Figueroa, T. E. (2020). Toilet training and bladder control in children with cerebral palsy. In F. Miller, S. Bachrach, N. Lennon & M. E. O'Neil (Eds.), Cerebral palsy, (pp. 843-851). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74558-9_56
Samijn, B., Van den Broeck, C., Plasschaert, F., Pascal, A., Deschepper, E., Hoebeke, P., & Van Laecke, E. (2022). Incontinence training in children with cerebral palsy: A prospective controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 18(4), 447.e1-447.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.05.014
Samijn, B., Van Laecke, E., Renson, C., Hoebeke, P., Plasschaert, F., Vande Walle, J., & Van den Broeck, C. (2017). Lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic findings in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 36(3), 541-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22982
Schum, T. R., Kolb, T. M., McAuliffe, T. L., Simms, M. D., Underhill, R. L., & Lewis, M. (2002). Sequential acquisition of toilet-training skills: a descriptive study of gender and age differences in normal children. Pediatrics, 109(3), e48. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.3.e48
Smith, J. S., & Chaneb, B. (2016). Toilet training. In N. N. Singh (Ed.), Handbook of evidence-based practices in intellectual and developmental disabilities (pp. 943-955). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26583-4_37
Sutherland, J., Carnett, A., van der Meer, L., Waddington, H., Bravo, A., & McLay, L. (2018). Intensive toilet training targeting defecation for a child with autism spectrum disorder. Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 5(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/23297018.2017.1360153
Ünsal, S., Culha, C., Tunc, H., Kurt, M., Oezel, S., & Atan, A. (2009). Evaluation of lower urinary system symptoms and neurogenic bladder in children with cerebral palsy: relationships with the severity of cerebral palsy and mental status. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 39(4), 571-578. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0809-46
Veugelers, R., Benninga, M. A., Calis, E. A., Willemsen, S. P., Evenhuis, H., Tibboel, D., & Penning, C. (2010). Prevalence and clinical presentation of constipation in children with severe generalized cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52(9), e216-e221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03701.x
von Gontard, A., Hussong, J., Yang, S. S., Chase, J., Franco, I., & Wright, A. (2022). Neurodevelopmental disorders and incontinence in children and adolescents: Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability-A consensus document of the International Children's Continence Society. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 41(1), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.24798
Wilde, K. (2022). Autistic logistics, second edition. A parent's guide to tackling bedtime, toilet training, meltdowns, hitting, and other everyday challenges. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Wright, A. J., Fletcher, O., Scrutton, D., & Baird, G. (2016). Bladder and bowel continence in bilateral cerebral palsy: A population study. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 12(6), 383.e1-383.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.05.027
Žikić, R. i Marković, V. (2017). Hiperaktivna bešika. Timočki medicinski glasnik, 42(1), 26-34.
Sva prava zadržana (c) 2023 Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Deli pod istim uslovima 4.0 međunarodnom licencom.