Uticaj sociodemografskih karakteristika na desničarsku autoritarnost

Jelena Nikolov

doi:10.5937/specedreh23-43997

Jelena Nikolov Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Defektologija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh23-43997

Ključne reči: desničarska autoritarnost, pol, starost, obrazovanje, religija

Sažetak

Uvod: Rad se bavi sagledavanjem uticaja sociodemografskih karakteristika na desničarsku autoritarnost. Desničarska autoritarnost se određuje kao kombinacija tri stavovska klastera: autoritarne submisivnosti, autoritarne agresivnosti i konvencionalizma. Cilj: Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja pola, godina, obrazovanja i religioznosti na desničarsku autoritarnost. Metode: U sprovedenom istraživanju desničarska autoritarnost definisana je kao kriterijumska varijabla, dok su ostale određene kao prediktorske. Za ispitivanje desničarske autoritarnosti koristi se Skala desničarske autoritarnosti (Right-Wing Authoritarianism – RWA), koja ima 12 pitanja i na intervalnom je nivou merenja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 112 ispitanika različitog pola i starosnog doba opšte populacije u Srbiji, a uzorak je neslučajni, dobrovoljački. Rezultati: Dobijeni podaci ukazuju da ispitanici u proseku imaju nešto izraženiju desničarsku autoritarnost (i kada je skala, i kada su subskale u pitanju). Pokazalo se postoje polne razlike u stepenu desničarske autoritarnosti, odnosno da su muškarci autoritarniji od žena. Ustanovljene su i uzrasne razlike u stepenu desničarske autoritarnosti, kao i da su ispitanici sa višim nivoom obrazovanja manje skloni autoritarnosti, a da su skloniji autoritarnosti oni koji ističu da su religiozniji. Zaključak: Rezultati ove studije imaju važne implikacije na intervencije za smanjenje rasprostranjenosti desničarskog autoritarizma i kreiranje politika za suzbijanje njegovih negativnih efekata na pojedince i društvo. Polazeći od dobijenih rezultata, navedene su i mogućnosti za dalja istraživanja.

Reference

Allegretti, C. L., & Frederick, J. N. (1995). A model for thinking critically about ethical issues. Teaching of Psychology, 22(1), 46-48. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2201_14

Altemeyer, B. (1988). Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism. Jossey-Bass.

Altemeyer, B. (1998). The Other "Authoritarian Personality". Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60382-2

Bogaert, H. (2022). History repeating itself: the resurgence of the Taliban and the abandonment of Afghan women. Immigration and Human Rights Law Review, 4(1), Article 3.

Bridges, K. R., & Harnish, R. J. (2015). Gender differences in formal thinking: Their impact on right-wing authoritarianism and religious fundamentalism. Psychology, 6, 1676-1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2015.613164

Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165

Carstensen, L. L., & Reynolds, M. E. (2023). Age differences in preferences through the lens of socioemotional selectivity theory. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 24, 100440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100440

Čorkalo, D., & Stanković, N. (2000). Autoritarnost i percepcija ostvarene demokracije u Hrvatskoj: analiza odnosa na uzorku studenata. Društvena istraživanja: časopis za opća društvena pitanja, 9(1 (45)), 67-81.

Daničić, Đ. (1950). Biblija – Stari zavet.

Duckitt, J. (2006). Differential effects of right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on outgroup attitudes and their mediation by threat from and competitiveness to outgroups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(5), 684-696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205284282

Duckitt, J. (2022). Authoritarianism: Conceptualization, research, and new developments. The Cambridge handbook of political psychology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi. org/10.1017/9781108779104.013

Dyrendal, A., Kennair, L. E. O., & Bendixen, M. (2021). Predictors of belief in conspiracy theory: The role of individual differences in schizotypal traits, paranormal beliefs, social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism and conspiracy mentality. Personality and individual differences, 173, 110645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110645

Flouri, E. (2009). Strong families, tidy houses, children's values in adult life: Are "chaotic", "crowded" and "unstable" homes really so bad? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(6), 496-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025409340090

Giroux, H. (2019). Authoritarianism and the challenge of higher education in the age of Trump. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education, 18(1), 6-25. https://doi.org/10.22176/act18.1.6

Grahek, I. (2008). Promene u oblicima nacionalne vezanosti i autoritarnost kod srednjoškolaca u poslednjih 35 godina. Petničke sveske, 64, 417-431.

Grajf, G. (2021). Jasenovac – Aušvic Balkana. Institut za Holokaust.

Haralambos, M., Holborn, M. (2002). Sociologija: teme i perspektive. Golden marketing.

Heller, A., Decker, O., Schmalbach, B., Beutel, M., Fegert, J. M., Brähler, E., & Zenger, M. (2020). Detecting Authoritarianism Efficiently: Psychometric Properties of the Screening Instrument Authoritarianism - Ultra Short (A-US) in a German Representative Sample. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 533863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.533863

Henry, P. J. (2011). The role of stigma in understanding ethnicity differences in authoritarianism. Political Psychology, 32(3), 419-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00816.x

Hinterhuber, E. M., & Schneider, S. (2018). Gender, civil society, and non-democratic regimes. Civil Society and Gender Relations in Authoritarian and Hybrid Regimes. Barbara Budrich Publishers, Opladen, Berlin & Toronto. https://doi.org/10.3224/84740729

Kerr, J. R., & Wilson, M. S. (2021). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation predict rejection of science and scientists. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 550-567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430221992126

Lazić, A., Lazarević B., L., Purić, D., & Žeželj, I. (2021). REPOPSI: The open repository of psychological instruments in Serbian. 51-56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4748545

Löckenhoff, C. E., & Carstensen, L. L. (2004). Socioemotional selectivity theory, aging, and health: the increasingly delicate balance between regulating emotions and making tough choices. Journal of personality, 72(6), 1395-1424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00301.x

Nikodem, K. (2019). „Važno je imati moćnog vođu!” Analiza autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine. Društvena istraživanja, 28(3), 391-410. https://doi.org/10.5559/di.28.3.02

Osborne, D., Costello, T. H., Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. G. (2023). The psychological causes and societal consequences of authoritarianism. Nature reviews psychology, 2(4), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-023-00161-4

Perez-Arche, H., & Miller, D. J. (2021). What predicts attitudes toward transgender and nonbinary people? An exploration of gender, authoritarianism, social dominance, and gender ideology. Sex Roles, 85(3-4), 172-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01212-3

Perry, E. J. (2015). Higher education and authoritarian resilience: The case of China, past and present. Harvard-Yenching Institute Working Paper Series.

Petrović, N. B. (2001). Specifikacija elemenata autoritarnosti u modelu Boba Altemejera. Psihologija, 34(1-2), 169-194.

Petrović, N. B. (2003). Pregled pristupa za izučavanje autoritarnosti i srodnih fenomena. Sociološki pregled, 37(1-2), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.5937/socpreg0302101P

Petrović, I., & Radoman, M. (2019). Patrijarhalnost, autoritarnost i nacionalizam u Srbiji – promene vrednosnih orijentacija. Stratifikacijske promene u periodu konsolidacije kapitalizma u Srbiji, 215-246.

Petrović, B. D. (2020). Struktura, determinante i korelati leksički deriviranih socijalnih stavova u Srbiji [doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu]. NaRDuS. https://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/6725/Disertacija4902.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y

Rajan, S., & Krishnan, V. R. (2002). Impact of gender on influence, power and authoritarianism. Women in Management Review, 17(5), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420210433157

Romanish, B. (1995). Authority, authoritarianism, and education. Education and Culture, 12(2), 17-25.

Ruffman, T., Wilson, M., Henry, J. D., Dawson, A., Chen, Y., Kladnitski, N., Myftari, E., Murray, J., Halberstadt, J., & Hunter, J. A. (2016). Age differences in right-wing authoritarianism and their relation to emotion recognition. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 16(2), 226-236. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000107

Sanford, N. (1973). Authoritarian personality in contemporary perspective. In J. N. Knutson (Ur.), Handbook of political psychology (139-170). Josey-Bass.

Saunders, B. A., Ngo, J. (2017). The Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 1-4). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1262-1

Schäfer, A. (2022). Cultural backlash? How (not) to explain the rise of authoritarian populism. British Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 1977-1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123421000363

Schuman, H., Bobo, L., & Krysan, M. (1992). Authoritarianism in the general population: The education interaction hypothesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55(4), 379-387. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786954

Selimović, A., Selimović, L. T., Hasković, M., & Emić, E. (2013). Relacije između autoritarnosti, sociodominantne orijentacije i konvencionalizma. Godišnjak za psihologiju, 9(11), 83-100.

Simpson, M. (1972). Authoritarianism and education: A comparative approach. Sociometry, 35(2), 223-234.

Stark, R., & Finke, R. (2000). Acts of faith: Explaining the human side of religion. University of California Press.

Stanley, S. K., Wilson, M. S., & Milfont, T. L. (2017). Exploring short-term longitudinal effects of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on environmentalism. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 174-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.11.059

Sullivan, J. L., Marcus, G. E., Feldman, S., & Piereson, J. E. (1981). The sources of political tolerance: A multivariate analysis. American Political Science Review, 75(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962161

Šiber, I. (1989). Autoritarna struktura ličnosti – kritički prikaz jugoslavenskih istraživanja. Politička misao, 26(1), 129-145.

Wood, M. J., & Gray, D. (2019). Right-wing authoritarianism as a predictor of pro-establishment versus anti-establishment conspiracy theories. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.09.036