SPOSOBNOST ODRŽAVANJA POSTURALNE RAVNOTEŽE KOD ADOLESCENATA SA LAKOM INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU I ADOLESCENATA TIPIČNOG RAZVOJA
Abstract
Padovi predstavljaju čestu pojavu u populaciji osoba sa intelektualnom ometenošću. U relevantnoj stručnoj literaturi postoji ograničen broj istraživanja koja se bave ovom problematikom. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je analiziranje sposobnosti održavanja posturalne ravnoteže kod adolescenata sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (IO) poredeći je sa vršnjacima bez IO. Uzorkom su bila obuhvaćena ukupno 64 adolescenta, uzrasta 16-18 godina, muškog pola, od čega su 32 adolescenta ekperimentalne grupe (e-grupa) bila lako IO, dok su kontrolnu grupu (k-grupa) činila 32 vršnjaka tipične populacije. Sposobnost održavanja posturalne ravnoteže kod obe grupe ispitivana je pomoću tri testa: Testa ustajanja iz stolice (Expanded timed up and go test; ETUGT), Modifikovanog funkcionalnog testa dohvatanja (Modified functional reach test; M-FRT) i Testa stajanja na jednoj nozi (One-leg stance; OLS). Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2008. 2010. godine u srednjoj zanatskoj školi ,,Petar Leković”, Beograd (Srbija), kao i u ustanovi za osobe sa posebnim potrebama ,,Caritas” u Mostaru (BiH). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je kod primene ETUG testa utvrđeno postojanje statistički značajne razlike između grupa u pogledu vremena predviđenog za izvršavanje testa, dok su kod primene M-FRT ispitanici e-grupe postizali statistički značajno niže rezultate nego k-grupa. Kod izvršavanja OLS testa ispitanici obe grupe su podjednako dobro izvodili zadate radnje, levom i desnom nogom, kada nisu imali povez preko očiju, dok su postignuća eksperimentalne grupe pri izvođenju radnji levom i desnom nogom, bila značajno niža kada im je povez stavljen. Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da adolescenti sa IO postižu niže vrednosti na većini primenjenih testova posturalne ravnoteže u odnosu na adolescente tipične populacije.
Ključne reči: posturalna ravnoteža, laka intelektualna ometenost, adolescenti
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