Primarne motoričke stereotipije
Sažetak
Uvod: Motoričke stereotipije se skoro uvek povezuju sa razvojnim smetnjama, kao što je poremećaj iz spektra autizma, intelektualna ometenost i dr. Najčešće se javljaju kao simptom senzorne deprivacije, ali se prepoznaju i kao izolovane. Primećeno je da se javljaju kod dece tipičnog razvoja. Ovakve izolovane stereotipije nazivaju se primarne motoričke stereotipije. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada jeste da pruži bolji uvid u specifičnosti ove smetnje i da prikaže kako utiče na osobe (decu), kao i da pruži uvid u uzrok nastanka stereotipija i moguće pristupe u tretmanu. Metode: Deskriptivna metoda istraživanja sa pregledom literature objavljene u prethodnih deset godina, uz kritički osvrt. Definisani su kriterijumi za uključivanje i isključivanje radova. Sagledana su istraživanja o uzroku nastanka primarnih motoričkih stereotipija, istraživanja o primarnim motoričkim stereotipijama i njihovom tretmanu. Rezultati: Primarne motoričke stereotipije kod deteta tipičnog razvoja negativno utiču na svakodnevne aktivnosti i remete socijalni razvoj, što dovodi do društvene stigmatizacije. Pronađene su mnogobrojne intervencije kod dece sa poremećajem autističnog spektra (jedna od glavnih odlika autizma su stereotipije), ali je broj objavljenih istraživanja o intervencijama i tretmanima primarnih motoričkih stereotipija veoma mali. Koren problema primarnih motoričkih stereotipija je kompleksan i uključuje određene delove korteksa i puteve prenosa informacija. Problem predstavlja i identifikovanje ove vrste smetnje, što dalje utiče na same intervencije. Zaključak: Uzrok nastanka primarnih motoričkih stereotipija još uvek nije poznat, a kao mogući tretmani primarnih motoričkih stereotipija izdvajaju se bihevioralne terapije. Na osnovu dostupnih istraživanja primećuje se da o ovoj temi ne postoji mnogo literature, što pruža izuzetan potencijal i prostor za otkrivanje novih informacija i saznanja, uz pomoć kojih bi mogli da se pronađu novi načini rada sa ovim osobama.
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