Odnos fonološke svesnosti i fine motorike kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta
Sažetak
Uvod: Iako je povezanost motoričkog i jezičkog razvoja analizirana kroz različita istraživanja, povezanost fonološkog razvoja i fine motorike kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta nije dovoljno istražena. Cilj: Cilj rada bilo je utvrđivanje povezanosti fonološke svesnosti i vizuomotorne koordinacije kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Metod: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 60 dece trećeg razreda osnovnih škola iz Beograda. Kod 27 dece uočen je razvojni poremećaj koordinacije, dok je 33 dece bilo bez smetnji u koordinaciji. Za utvrđivanje razvojnog poremećaja koordinacije korišćen je Upitnik za razvojni poremećaj koordinacije. Fonološka svesnost procenjena je Testom fonološke svesnosti srpskog jezika, dok su za procenu fine motorike korišćeni Akadija subtestovi razvojnih sposobnosti – Vizuomotorna koordinacija i mogućnost sleda i Crtanje oblika. Rezultati: Kod dece sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije uočavaju se značajna ispodprosečna postignuća u vizuomotornoj koordinaciji, crtanju oblika i fonološkoj obradi u odnosu na decu bez smetnji u koordinaciji. Primenom regresione analize na celokupnom uzorku dece utvrđeno je da vizuomotorna koordinacija statistički značajno predviđa sve elemente fonološke obrade, dok u grupi dece sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije crtanje oblika objašnjava 26.3% varijabilnosti fonemske segmentacije i 20.8% identifikacije početnog fonema. Zaključak: Rezultati studije su pokazali da se kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta vizuomotorna koordinacija izdvaja kao prediktor postignuća na svim nivoima fonološke obrade. Slabija ovladanost fonološkom svesnošću i finom motorikom kod dece sa razvojnim poremećajem koordinacije dovodi do ispodprosečnih postignuća, koja ovu decu prate od najranijeg školovanja. Kako se različite komponente f ine motorike izdvajaju kao značajni prediktori fonološke obrade, može se zaključiti da nisu svi aspekti fine motorike podjednako značajni za razvoj fonologije.
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