Social inclusion of adult people with intellectual disabilities in Croatia
Sažetak
Uvod: Savremene socijalne politike usmerene na osobe sa invaliditetom zasnovane su na socijalnom modelu invaliditeta. Kao rezultat toga, primarni cilj socijalne politike prema osobama sa invaliditetom na globalnom nivou, unutar EU, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, jeste težnja za socijalnom uključenošću, nakon pokretanja deinstitucionalizacije. Ciljevi: Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj da se ispita socijalna uključenost odraslih osoba s intelektualnim smetnjama u Hrvatskoj. Primarni cilj uključivao je identifikovanje faktora u upitniku za socijalno uključivanje. Pored toga, studija je nastojala da istraži potencijalne korelacije između starosti i pola odraslih osoba sa intelektualnim invaliditetom i njihovog nivoa društvene uključenosti. Metod: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 145 odraslih osoba sa intelektualnim smetnjama, koje sa svojim porodicama borave u različitim gradovima širom Republike Hrvatske. Razvijen je upitnik posebno prilagođen za merenje socijalne uključenosti osoba sa intelektualnim smetnjama. Rezultati: Pronađena su četiri faktora u okviru konstrukta socijalne inkluzije: Društveno okruženje i fizičko zdravlje; Inkluzija i ljudska prava; Mentalno zdravlje i odnosi sa porodicom i prijateljima; Ekonomsko blagostanje. Nalazi su otkrili da ne postoje statistički značajne veze između socijalne uključenosti osoba sa intelektualnim smetnjama i njihovog uzrasta ili pola. Zaključak: Važno je razviti bolje instrumente merenja za socijalno uključivanje i sprovesti istraživanje na većem uzorku pojedinaca koji nisu uključeni u nevladine programe. Uticaj starosti i pola takođe treba dubinski, kvalitativno ispitati da bi se identifikovalo postojanje specifičnih karakteristika koje nije moguće obuhvatiti upitnikom. Pored toga, prema deskriptivnim podacima, postoji potreba za unapređenjem obrazovnih programa i mogućnosti zapošljavanja osoba sa intelektualnim smetnjama.
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