Delotvorni programi tretmana za adolescente u sukobu sa zakonom i osvrt na Multisistemsku terapiju
Sažetak
Uvod: Nezadovoljavajući efekti pojedinih rasprostranjenih intervencija za maloletne prestupnike, s jedne strane, te zabrinjavajući podaci o nasilju maloletnika i štetnim posledicama takvog ponašanja, s druge, upućuju na potrebu da stručnjaci u resocijalizaciji konsultuju rezultate naučnih istraživanja i okrenu se primeni potvrđeno delotvornih programa tretmana. Cilj: U ovom preglednom radu razmatra se značaj prakse zasnovane na dokazima u oblasti tretmana maloletničke delinkvencije, a potom i učinkovitost pojedinih, savremenih oblika tretmana. U kontekstu postojećih evaluacionih studija ispitana je i situacija u Srbiji, uz kritički prikaz aktuelne prakse, ali i preporuke za donosioce odluka, istraživače i praktičare. Metod: Narativno su analizirani rezultati sistematskih pregleda referentne literature i drugih istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. Rezultati: Multimodalni pristup i porodična terapija treba da budu prvi izbor u tretmanu problematičnog ponašanja, dok neki široko primenjivani pristupi, kao što su diverzione mere, vaspitno-obrazovni rad, restorativna pravda, postupci zastrašivanja i intenzivna probacija, često ne dovode do željenih promena. Multisistemska terapija izdvaja se kao jedan od najuspešnijih, potvrđeno delotvornih programa tretmana. Zaključak: Ističe se potreba za snažnijim povezivanjem naučnih saznanja i prakse na našim prostorima, i to kroz uvažavanje naučnih principa pri izradi programa, ali i uključivanje kredibilnog i transparentnog sistema praćenja njihovog toka i efekata.
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