UTICAJ FIZIČKOG VEŽBANJA NA UNAPREĐENJE KOGNITIVNIH FUNKCIJA

  • Stanislava Popov Fakultet za sport i turizam, Novi Sad
  • Ivana D. Jakovljev

Sažetak


U ovom radu je dat pregled savremenih naučno-istraživačkih studija koje se bave uticajem fizičkog vežbanja na kognitivno funkcionisanje ljudi. Jedan od ciljeva interdisciplinarne neuronauke koja povezuje oblasti psihologije, medicine i sporta jeste otkrivanje mehanizama kojim fizičko vežbanje utiče na unapređenje kognitivnih funkcija u svim uzrastima, naročito u procesu starenja, kada kognitivna efikasnost prirodno opada. Rezultati postojećih istraživanja pokazuju da fizičko vežbanje može proizvesti benefit za kognitivno funkcionisanje tokom čitavog životnog veka i to neposredno, preko fizioloških mehanizama i strukturalnih promena u mozgu, i posredno putem uticaja na raspoloženje i redukciju stresa. Međutim, istraživanja pokazuju da efekti fizičkog vežbanja zavise od intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti – dok umereni intenzitet fizičke aktivnosti ima pozitivan uticaj na kognitivno funkcionisanje, vežbe visokog intenziteta pokazuju obrnuti efekat. Takođe, istraživanja sugerišu da efekat fizičkog vežbanja na kognitivno funkcionisanje zavisi i od vrste fizičke aktivnosti koja se upražnjava. Ukupno gledano, fizičko vežbanje može da proizvede pozitivne efekte u kontekstu različitih kognitivnih procesa, ali istraživanja još uvek ne nude jasan mehanizam tog uticaja. Nedostaju i jasni odgovori na pitanja u kojoj meri se razlikuju efekti različitih fizičkih aktivnosti, i da li su takvi efekti specifični za određene kognitivne procese ili se neki od njih mogu generalizovati na celokupno kognitivno funkcionisanje.

Ključne reči: fizičko vežbanje, kognitivne funkcije, starenje

 

Biografije autora

Stanislava Popov, Fakultet za sport i turizam, Novi Sad
Katedra za sport i psihologiju, Doc.dr
Ivana D. Jakovljev

Laboratorija za eksperimentalnu psihologiju, Filozofski fakultet, Novi Sad

Reference

Abbott R.D., White L.R., Ross G.W., Masaki K.H., Curb J.D., & Petrovitch, H. (2004). Walking and Dementia in Physically Capable Elderly Men. JAMA, 292, 1447–1453.

Ahlskog, J. E., Geda, Y. E., Graff-Radford, N. R., & Petersen, R. C. (2011). Physical Exercise as a Preventive or Disease-Modifying Treatment of Dementia and Brain Aging. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86, 876–884.

Antunes, H. K. M., Santos, R. F., Cassilhas, R., Santos, R. V. T., Bueno, O. F. A., & Túlio de Mello, M. (2006). Reviewing on physical exercise and the cognitive function. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 12, 97–103.

Archer T., Svensson K., & Alricsson M. (2012). Physical exercise ameliorates deficits induced by traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 125, 293–302.

Betz, M. J, & Enerbäck, S. (2015). Human Brown Adipose Tissue: What We Have Learned So Far. Diabetes, 64, 2352–2360.

Black, J. E., Isaacs, K. R., Anderson, B. J., Alcantara, A. A., & Greenough, W. T. (1990). Learning causes synaptogenesis whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis in cerebellar cortex of adult rats. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 87, 5568–5572.

Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K.,A., Boström, E.,A, Choi J.H., Long J.Z., Kajimura, S., Zingaretti, M.C., Vind, B.F., Tu, H., Cinti, S., Højlund, K., Gygi, S.,P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2012). A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481, 463–468.

Brown, B., Peiffer, J.J., & Martins, R., (2012). Multiple effects of physical activity on molecular and cognitive signs of brain aging: can exercise slow neurodegeneration and delay Alzheimer's disease? Molecular Psychiatry, 18, 864–874.

Cai, L., Chan, J. S. Y., Yan, J. H., & Peng, K. (2014). Brain plasticity and motor practice in cognitive aging. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, 31.

Christou, E.A., Poston, B., Enoka, J.A., & Enoka, R.M. (2007). Different neural adjustments improve endpoint accuracy with practice in young and old adults. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97, 3340–3350.

Chodzko-Zajko, W., & Moore, K.A. (1994). Physical fitness and cognitive function in aging. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 22, 195–220.

Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14, 125–130.

Colcombe S. J., Erickson K. I., Raz N., Webb, A. G., Cohen, N. J., McAuley, E., & Kramer A. F. (2003). Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 58, 176–180.

Cotman C.W., Berchtold N. C., & Christie LA. (2007). Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends in Neurosciences, 30, 464–472.

Daffner, K. R. (2010). Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease : JAD, 19, 1101–1122.

Daly, M., McMinn, D., & Allan, J. L. (2014). A bidirectional relationship between physical activity and executive function in older adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1044.

Davidson R. J. (2004). What does the prefrontal cortex “do” in affect: perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology, 67, 219–234.

Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., … Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise Improves Executive Function and Achievement and Alters Brain Activation in Overweight Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Health Psychology, 30, 91–98.

Duay, D. L., & Bryan, V. C. (2006). Senior adults’ perceptions of successful aging. Educational Gerontolology, 32, 423–445.

Dustman, R. E., Ruhling, R. O., Russell, E. M., Shearer, D. E., Bonekat, W., Shigeoka, J. W., Wood, J. S., & Bradford, D. C. (1984). Aerobic exercise training and improved neurophysiological function of older adults. Neurobiology of Aging, 5, 35–42.

Ellemberg, D., & St-Louis-Deschênes, M. (2010). The effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive function during development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 122–126.

Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The acquisition of expert performance: An introduction to some of the issues. In K. A. Ericsson (Ed.), The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games (pp. 1–50). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Farmer, J., Zhao, X., van Praag, H., Wodtke, K., Gage, F., H., & Christie, B., R.(2004). Effects of voluntary exercise on synaptic plasticity and gene expression in the dentate gyrus of adult male sprague–dawley rats in vivo. Neuroscience, 124, 71-79.

Fox, K. R. (2000). The effects of exercise on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In S. J. H. Biddle, K. R. Fox., & S. H. Boutcher (Eds.), Physical activity and psychological wellbeing (pp. 88-117). London: Routledge.

Friedman N.P., Miyake A., Young S.E., DeFries J.C., Corley R.P., & Hewitt J.K. Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 137, 201–225.

Fordyce D. E., & Farrar R. P. (1991). Physical activity effects on hippocampal and parietal cholinergic function and spatial learning in F344 rats. Behavioral Brain Research, 43, 115–123.

Gajewski, P. D., & Falkenstein, M. (2016). Physical activity and neurocognitive functioning in aging - a condensed updated review. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 13, 1.

Galea, L. A. M., Spritzer, M. D., Barker, J. M. & Pawluski, J. L. (2006), Gonadal hormone modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult. Hippocampus, 16, 225–232.

Gomez-Pinilla, F., & Hillman, C. H. (2013). The influence of exercise on cognitive abilities. Comprehensive Physiology, 3, 403–428.

Hall, C.D., Smith, A.L., & Keele, S.W. (2001). The impact of aerobic activity on cognitive function in older adults: A new synthesis based on the concept of executive control. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13,279–300.

Hall, E.E., Ekkekakis, P., & Petruzzello, J.S (2007). Regional brain activity and strenuous exercise: Predicting affective responses using EEG asymmetry. Biological Psychology, 75, 194–200.

Handa, R. J., Ogawa, S., Wang, J. M., & Herbison, A. E. (2012). Roles for Oestrogen Receptor β in Adult Brain Function. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 24, 160–173.

Hayes, S. M., Hayes J. P., Cadden, M., & Verfaellie, M. (2013). A review of cardiorespiratory fitness-related neuroplasticity in the aging brain. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 5, 31.

Hassmén, P., Koivula, N., & Uutela, A. (2000) Physical exercise and psychological well-being: A population study in Finland. Preventive Medicine, 30, 17–25.

Henderson, V. W. (2014). Three Midlife Strategies to Prevent Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer’s Disease. Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 17, 38–46.

Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 58–65.

Hogan, C. L, Mata, J., & Carstensen, L. L. (2013). Exercise holds immediate benefits for affect and cognition in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 28, 587–594.

Ito, M. (2004). ‘Nurturing the brain’ as an emerging research field involving child neurology. Brain and Development, 26, 429–433.

Kalaria, R. N. (2010). Vascular basis for brain degeneration: faltering controls and risk factors for dementia. Nutrition Reviews, 68, 74–87.

Kamijo, K., Hayashi, Y., Sakai, T., Yahiro, T., Tanaka, K., & Nishihira, Y. (2009). Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64B, 356–363.

Kashihara, K., Maruyama, T., Murota, M., & Nakahara, Y. (2009). Positive Effects of Acute and Moderate Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 28, 155–164.

Kramer, A. F., & Erickson, K. I. (2007). Capitalizing on cortical plasticity: influence of physical activity on cognition and brain function. Trends in cognitive sciences, 11, 342–348.

Lakes, K. D., & Hoyt, W. T. (2004). Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 283–302.

Lautenschlager N. T., Cox, K., & Cyarto E. V. (2012). The influence of exercise on brain aging and dementia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1822, 474–481.

Lauenroth, A., Ioannidis, A. E., & Teichmann, B. (2016). Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics, 16, 141.

McMorris, T., Tallon, M., Williams, C., Sproule, J., Draper, S., Swain, J., et al. (2003).

Incremental exercise, plasma concentrations of catecholamines, reaction time, and motor time during performance of a noncompatible choice response time task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 590–604.

Moore, R. D., Romine, W. W., O’Connor, P. J., & Tomporowski, P. D. (2012). The effects of exercise-induced fatigue on cognitive function. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 841–850.

Nagappan, G., & Lu, B. (2005). Activity-dependent modulation of the BDNF receptor TrkB: Mechanisms and implications. Trends in Neurosciences, 28, 464–471.

Neeper, S.A., Gómez-Pinilla, F., Choi, J., & Cotman, C. (1995). Exercise and brain neurotrophins. Nature, 373, 109.

Owen, A. M., Hampshire, A., Grahn, J. A., Stenton, R., Dajani, S., Burns, A. S., Howard, R., J., & Ballard, C. G. (2010). Putting brain training to the test. Nature, 465, 775–778.

Paluska, S. A., & Schwenk, T. L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health: Current concepts. Sports Medicine, 29, 167–180.

Park, H. L., O'Connell, J. E., & Thomson, R. G. (2003), A systematic review of cognitive decline in the general elderly population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 1121–1134.

Pennington, R., & Hanna, S. (2013). Acute Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Performances of Older Adults, Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 67, 109–114.

Pesce, C., Crova, C., Cereatti, L., Casella, R., & Bellucci, M. (2009). Physical activity and mental performance in preadolescents: effects of acute exercise on free-recall memory. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2, 16–22.

Ponti, G., Peretto, P., & Bonfanti, L. (2008). Genesis of neuronal and Glial progenitors in the cerebellar cortex of peripuberal and adult rabbits. PLoS ONE, 3, e2366.

Sala-Llonch, R., Arenaza-Urquijo, E. M., Valls-Pedret, C., Vidal-Piñeiro, D., Bargalló, N., Junqué, C., & Bartrés-Faz, D. (2012). Dynamic Functional Reorganizations and Relationship with Working Memory Performance in Healthy Aging. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 152.

Samorajski T., Delaney C., Durham L., Ordy J. M., Johnson J. A., & Dunlap W.P. (1985). Effect of exercise on longevity, body weight, locomotor performance and passive-avoidance memory of C57BL/6J mice. Neurobiology of Aging, 6, 17–24.

Shay, K., & Roth, D. (1992). Association between aerobic fitness and visuospatial performance in healthy older adults. Psychology and Aging, 1, 15–24.

Scully, D., Kremer, J., Meade, M. M., Graham, R., & Dudgeon, K. (1998). Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 111–120.

Stuer, S. (2009). The Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognition. Trinity College Digital Repository, Hartford, CT. Preuzeto sa http://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/fypapers/1

Thorell, L. B., Lindqvist, S., Bergman Nutley, S., Bohlin, G., & Klingberg, T. (2009), Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children. Developmental Science, 12, 106–113.

Tomporowski, D. P., McCullick, B., Pendleton, M. D., & Pesce, C. (2015). Exercise and children's cognition: The role of exercise characteristics and a place for metacognition. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 4, 47-55.

Tolppanen, A., Solomon, A., Kulmala, J., Kåreholt, I., Ngandu, T., Rusanen, M., Laatikainen, T., Soininen, H., & Kivipelto, M. (2015). Leisure-time physical activity from mid- to late life, body mass index, and risk of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 11, 434-443.

Trejo J. L., Llorens-Martín M. V., & Torres-Alema´n I. (2008). The effects of exercise on spatial learning and anxiety-like behavior are mediated by an IGF-I-dependent mechanism related to hippocampal neurogenesis. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 37, 402– 411.

Tsatsoulis, A., & Fountoulakis, S. (2006). The Protective Role of Exercise on Stress System Dysregulation and Comorbidities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1083, 196–213.

Van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., & Gage, F. H. (1999). Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 266–270.

Voelcker-Rehage, C., Godde, B., & Staudinger, U. M. (2011). Cardiovascular and coordination training differentially improve cognitive performance and neural processing in older adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 1-12.

Voelcker-Rehage, C., & Niemann, C. (2013). Structural and functional brain changes related to different types of physical activity across the life span. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37, 2268–2295.

Wu, J., Boström, P., Sparks, L. M., Ye, L., Choi, J. H.,Giang, A. H., Khandekar, M., Virtanen, K. A., Nuutila, P., Schaart, G., et al. (2012). Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell, 150, 366–376.

Zhao, E., Tranovich, M. J., & Wright, V. J. (2014). The Role of Mobility as a Protective Factor of Cognitive Functioning in Aging Adults: A Review. Sports Health, 6, 63–69.

Zhu, N., Jacobs, D., Schreiner, P., Yaffe, K., Bryan, N., Launer, L., Whitmer, R., Sidney, S., Demerath, E., Thomas, W., Bouchard, C., He, K., Reis, J., & Sternfeld, B. (2014). Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function in middle age: The CARDIA Study. Neurology, 82, 1339-1346 .

Objavljeno
2017/10/09
Rubrika
Pregledni članak