UTICAJ FIZIČKOG VEŽBANJA NA UNAPREĐENJE KOGNITIVNIH FUNKCIJA
Sažetak
U ovom radu je dat pregled savremenih naučno-istraživačkih studija koje se bave uticajem fizičkog vežbanja na kognitivno funkcionisanje ljudi. Jedan od ciljeva interdisciplinarne neuronauke koja povezuje oblasti psihologije, medicine i sporta jeste otkrivanje mehanizama kojim fizičko vežbanje utiče na unapređenje kognitivnih funkcija u svim uzrastima, naročito u procesu starenja, kada kognitivna efikasnost prirodno opada. Rezultati postojećih istraživanja pokazuju da fizičko vežbanje može proizvesti benefit za kognitivno funkcionisanje tokom čitavog životnog veka i to neposredno, preko fizioloških mehanizama i strukturalnih promena u mozgu, i posredno putem uticaja na raspoloženje i redukciju stresa. Međutim, istraživanja pokazuju da efekti fizičkog vežbanja zavise od intenziteta fizičke aktivnosti – dok umereni intenzitet fizičke aktivnosti ima pozitivan uticaj na kognitivno funkcionisanje, vežbe visokog intenziteta pokazuju obrnuti efekat. Takođe, istraživanja sugerišu da efekat fizičkog vežbanja na kognitivno funkcionisanje zavisi i od vrste fizičke aktivnosti koja se upražnjava. Ukupno gledano, fizičko vežbanje može da proizvede pozitivne efekte u kontekstu različitih kognitivnih procesa, ali istraživanja još uvek ne nude jasan mehanizam tog uticaja. Nedostaju i jasni odgovori na pitanja u kojoj meri se razlikuju efekti različitih fizičkih aktivnosti, i da li su takvi efekti specifični za određene kognitivne procese ili se neki od njih mogu generalizovati na celokupno kognitivno funkcionisanje.
Ključne reči: fizičko vežbanje, kognitivne funkcije, starenje
Reference
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