OSOBINE LIČNOSTI USPEŠNIH PREDUZETNIKA

Jelena Sokić; Stanislava Popov

doi:10.5937/timsact13-23906

Jelena Sokić Fakultet za sport i turizam, Novi Sad
Stanislava Popov Fakultet za sport i turizam, Novi Sad

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/timsact13-23906

Abstract

Nagli razvoj preduzetničkog poslovanja u poslednjih nekoliko godina, vratio je ličnost preduzetnika u fokus brojnih istraživanja. Oživljavajući staru debatu vezanu za doprinos personalnih faktora uspešnom poslovanju, formirale su se dve istraživačke struje u nameri da profilišu (1) osobine koje će verovatnije rezultirati “preduzetničkom orijentacijom” i (2) osobine koje su odgovorne za uspešno poslovanje. U ovom radu daćemo kratak pregled dosadašnjih meta-analitičkih studija koje na sveobuhvatan način ilustruju kompleksnu strukturu tzv. preduzetničke ličnosti. Da bi opisali višedimenzionalnu „preduzetničku orijentaciju“, istraživači su se tokom poslednjih decenija prvenstveno oslanjali na petofaktorski model ličnosti. Rezultati brojnih studija jedino su konzistentni u pogledu otvorenosti za iskustva kao dimenzije ličnosti na kojoj preduzetnici postižu više skorove u odnosu na nepreduzetnička zanimanja. Jedna od najčešćih kritika petofaktorskog modela je njegova preterana uopštenost koja ne dopušta predvidljivost ponašanja preduzetnika u specifičnim situacijama. Zato su istraživači poslednjih godina skloniji multidimenzionalnom pristupu koji uključuje samoefikasnost, inovativnost, unutrašnji lokus kontrole i otvorenost ka riziku kao osobinama koje u istraživanjima razlikuju preduzetničku ličnost od ostalih zanimanja. Prilikom tumačenja rezultata studija o osobinama ličnosti preduzetnika, treba uzeti u obzir i razlike u definisanju preduzetničkog biznisa uzimajući u obzir veličinu preduzeća, dužinu poslovanja, kao i karakteristike samog preduzeća.

Ključne reči: preduzetnik, osobine ličnosti, petofaktorski model

References

Antončić, B., Bratković Kregar, T., Singh, G., & DeNoble, A.F. (2015). The big five personality – entrepreneurship relationship: Evidence from Slovenia. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 819-841.

Åstebro, T., Herz, H., Nanda, R., & Weber, R.A. (2014). Seeking the roots of entrepreneurship: Insights from behavioral economics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(3), 49-70.

Baron, R. A. (2007). Entrepreneurship: A process perspective. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. A. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship: (24-40). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Baron, R.A., & Tang, J. (2009). Entrepreneurs' social skills and new venture performance: Mediating mechanisms and cultural generality. Journal of Management, 35(2), 282-306.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman: New York.

Barrick, M.R. (2005). Yes, personality matters: Moving on to more important matters. Human Performance, 18(4), 359-372.

Baum, J. R., & Locke, E.A. (2004). The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to new venture growth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 587-598.

Block, J., Sandner, P., & Spiegel, F. (2015). How do risk attitudes differ within the group of entrepreneurs? The role of motivation and procedural utility. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 183-206.

Bygrave, W., & Zacharakis, A. (2008). Entrepreneurship. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Caliendo, M., Fossen, F. M., & Kritikos, A. S. (2009). Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs–new evidence from an experimentally validated survey. Small Business Economics, 32(2), 153-167.

Caliendo, M., Fossen, F.M., & Kritikos, A.S. (2014). Personality characteristics and the decisions to become and stay self-employed. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 787-814.

Cassar, G., & Friedman, H. (2009). Does self-efficacy affect entrepreneurial investment? Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 3, 241–260.

Centar za visoke ekonomske studije (CEVES). (2014). Preduzetništvo u Srbiji: nužda ili prilika? Beograd: CEVES.

Chen, C.C., Greene, P.G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 295-316.

Collins, C.J., Hanges, P.J., & Locke, E.A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human Performance, 17, 95–117.

Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). NEO PI-R Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa, FL.

Envick, B.R., & Langford, M. (2000). The five-factor model of personality: Assessing entrepreneurs and managers. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 6-17.

Feng, Y., & Rauch, J.E. (2015). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Risk Aversion on Wages in General Equilibrium. NBER Working Paper 20992.

Frank, H., Lueger, M., & Korunka, C. (2007). The significance of personality in business startup intentions, startup realization and business success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(3), 227-251.

Goldsmith, R.E., & Foxall, G.R. (2003). The measurement of innovativeness. In Shavinina, L.V. (Ed.), The International Handbook of Innovation (321-328). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science.

Gürol, Y., & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education + Training, 48(1), 25-38.

Hall, R.E., & Woodward, S.E. (2010). The burden of non-diversifiable risk on entrepreneurship. American Economic Review, 100(3), 1163-1194.

Hansemark, O.C. (2003). Need for achievement, locus of control and the prediction of business startups: A longitudinal study. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24, 301-319.

Kerr, S.P., Kerr, W.R., & Xu, T. (2018). Personality traits of entrepreneurs: a review of recent literature. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 279-356.

Khilstrom, R., & Laffont, J.J. (1979). A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion. Journal of Political Economy, 87, 719-748.

Kickul, J., & Gundry, L. (2002). Prospecting for strategic advantage: The proactive entrepreneurial personality and small firm innovation. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2), 85-97.

Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D., & Carsrud, A.L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15: 411-432.

Lent, R.W., & Hackett, G. (1987). Career self-efficacy: Empirical status and future directions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 30, 347-382.

Levine, R., & Rubenstein, Y. (2017). Smart and illicit. Who becomes an entrepreneur and do they earn more? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(2), 963-1018.

Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The general self-efficacy scale: Multicultural validation studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139(5), 439-457.

McClelland, D.C. (1985). Human Motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman.

Miner, J.B., & Raju, N.N. (2004). Risk propensity differences between managers and entrepreneurs and between low- and high-growth entrepreneurs: A reply in a more conservative vein. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 3-13.

Mueller, S.L., & Thomas, A.S. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 51-75.

Nassif, V.M.J., Ghobril, A.N., & Silva, N.S.D. (2010). Understanding the entrepreneurial process: a dynamic approach. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 7(2), 213-226.

Parker, S.C. (2009). The Economics of Entrepreneurship. Cambridge Cambridge, UK: University Press.

Perry, C. (1990). After further sightings of the Heffalump. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 5, 22-31.

Pokrajac, S., & Tomić, D. (2009). Preduzetnici kao ključni činioci stvaranja preduzetničkog društva. Škola biznisa, 2, 3-15.

Rauch, A. (2014). Predictions of entrepreneurial behavior: A personality approach. In E. Chell & M. Karatas-Ozkan (Eds.) Handbook of Research on Small Business and Entrepreneurship (165-183). Edward Elgar, London, UK.

Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Born to be an entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship. In J. R. Baum, M. Frese, & R. A. Baron (Eds.), The psychology of entrepreneurship: (41-65). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Rotter, J.B. (1954). Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Shaver, K.G., & Scott, L.R. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23-45.

Stewart, W.H., & Roth, P.L. (2007). A meta-analysis of achievement motivation differences between entrepreneurs and managers. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(4), 401-421.

Stajkovic, A.D., & Luthans, F. (1998). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 240-261.

Wickham, P. (2006). Strategic Entrepreneurship. 4th ed. London: Financial Times/Prentice-Hall.

Zhao, H., & Seibert, S.E. (2006). The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271.

Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G.T. (2010). The relationship of personality to entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 36(2), 381-404.