DONIRANJE I TRANSPLANTACIJA BUBREGA, JETRE I SRCA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI ZA PERIOD 2010-2016. GODINE
Sažetak
Uvod/cilj: Procenjuje se da je 2017. godine izvršeno 139.024 transplantacija solidnih organa (bubreg, jetra, srce, pluća, pankreas i tanko crevo), što je samo 10% globalnih potreba. Cilj ove deskriptivne studije je bio da analizira učestalost doniranja i transplantacija solidnih organa (bubrega, jetre i srca) u Republici Srbiji za period 2010-2016. godine.
Metode: Podaci o broju donora i broju transplantiranih organa u Republici Srbiji, za period 2010-2016. godine, dobijeni su iz godišnjih izveštaja Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije - Uprave za biomedicinu. Podaci o broju stanovnika Republike Srbije preuzeti su iz popisa stanovništva za 2011. godinu. U analizi dobijenih podataka korišćene su proporcije i stope.
Rezultati: U Srbiji je prosečna stopa doniranja, za period 2010-2016. godine bila 3,7 na milion stanovnika. Tokom poslednjih sedam godina među svim obavljenim transplantacijama organa sa umrlih davalaca, najveći procenat su činile transplantacije bubrega (78,3%), a zatim jetre (16,9%) i srca (4,8%). U transplantacionim centrima u Srbiji, za period 2010-2016. godine, obavljeno je 537 transplantacija bubrega, i to 328 sa preminulih i 209 sa živih davalaca. Prosečna stopa transplantacija bubrega (na milion stanovnika), za sedmogodišnji period iznosila je 10,6, odnosno 4,1 kada su u pitanju živi davaoci i 6,5 sa preminulih davalaca. U istom periodu izvršena je 71 transplantacija jetre i 20 transplantacija srca sa preminulih davalaca, a prosečne stope transplantacija su bile 1,4 i 0,4 na milion stanovnika.
Zaključak: U posmatranom periodu, u Srbiji su zabeležene najniže stope transplantacija bubrega sa živih i preminulih davalaca, kao i jetre i srca sa preminulih davalaca, u odnosu na sve druge zemlje Evrope. Oblast transplantacije ljudskih organa u Republici Srbiji pravno je regulisana Zakonom o presađivanju ljudskih organa. Zakonom su utvrđeni i obezbeđeni uslovi za postizanje standarda kvaliteta i bezbednosti ljudskih organa za transplantaciju, uslovi rada i načina organizacije zdravstvenog sistema u cilju obezbeđivanja optimalne dovoljnosti organa za transplantaciju i obezbeđivanje visokog nivoa zaštite ljudskog zdravlja, kao i uvažavanja prioritetnih interesa za očuvanje života i zdravlja i zaštite osnovnih ljudskih prava i dostojanstva davaoca i primaoca ljudskih organa. Poseban akcenat treba staviti na edukaciju stanovništva i zdravstvenih radnika o važnosti doniranja ljudskih organa.
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