ZAVISNOST OD „PAMETNIH” TELEFONA
Sažetak
Broj korisnika pametnih telefona (smartfona, engl. smartphone) širom sveta danas premašuje tri milijarde i predviđa se dalji rast od nekoliko stotina miliona u narednih nekoliko godina. Razvoj multifunkcionalnih pametnih telefona i njihova primena promenili su način komuniciranja i informisanja, ali i doveli do zabrinutosti zbog njihove prekomerne upotrebe i zavisnosti. Poslednjih godina, istraživanja zavisnosti od pametnih telefona su u porastu. Paralele između prekomerne upotrebe pametnih telefona i bihevioralne zavisnosti česte su u israživanjima. Prema mnogim autorima „zavisnost od pametnih telefona” može se smatrati bihevioralnom zavisnošću. Postoje dokazi za postojanje strukturnih i funkcionalnih promena u mozgu, karakterističnim za bihevioralne zavisnosti, kod osoba koje ispunjavaju psihometrijske kriterijume za „zavisnost od pametnih telefona”. Neki autori čak predlažu kriterijume za dijagnozu zavisnosti od pametnih telefona. S druge strane, neki autori smatraju da korišćenje termina „zavisnost” može pogrešno predstaviti težinu poremećaja, te stoga predlažu korišćenje termina „problematična upotreba pametnih telefona”. Zbog rastuće zabrinutosti oko prekomernog korišćenja pametnih telefona, dosta se radi na prepoznavanju i proceni problematične upotrebe pametnih telefona, uglavnom kroz razvoj i primenu skala za procenu ponašanja. Ove skale su posebno razvijene i validirane za identifikovanje problematične upotrebe pametnih telefona ili za dijagnostikovanje osoba sa zavisnošću od pametnih telefona, prekomernom upotrebom, preteranom vezanošću za telefon isl. Međutim, i pored toga što je većina ovih skala osmišljena sa namerom da se u budućnosti koriste za kliničke svrhe, problematična upotreba pametnih telefona kao vrsta zavisnosti ne nalazi se u Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti, te se skale još uvek koriste samo u istraživačke svrhe. Upotreba termina „problematična upotreba pametnih telefona” i „zavisnost od pametnih telefona”, različiti metodološki pristupi koji se koriste u izučavanju, kao što je primena različith skala i nedostatak standardizovanih dijagnostičkih kriterijuma, otežavaju definisanje „zavisnosti od pametnih telefona”. Sve to ide u prilog činjenici da je „zavisnost od pametnih telefona” kompleksan fenomen koji zahteva dodatna istraživanja.
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