ZNAČAJ POLIFENOLA U PREVENCIJI HRONIČNIH NEZARAZNIH BOLESTI
Sažetak
Polifenoli su spojevi koji u svojoj strukturi sadrže jednu ili više hidroksilnih skupina vezanih izravno na jedan ili više aromatskih ugljovodonika. Predstavljaju jednu od najbrojnijih i najrasprostranjenijih skupina sekundarnih biljnih metabolita sa više od 8000 polifenolnih struktura. Polifenoli su antioksidansi koji smanjuju disfunkciju endotela i krvni pritisak, unapređuju imunološku odbranu, ublažavaju upalni odgovor, blokiraju agregaciju trombocita i oksidaciju lipoproteina male gustine. Neke studije ukazuju na postojanje indirektne veze između unosa flavonoida i obolevanja od infarkta miokarda i umiranja od koronarne bolesti. Crna čokolada, orašasti plovodi, grožđe, crveno vino i mediteranska dijeta (bazirana na voću i povrću, ribi i maslinovom ulju) su bogati polifenolima i ključni su u prevenciji kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Polifenoli sprečavaju neurodegenerativne promjene povezane s cerebralnom ishemijom. Antocijanini iz borovnica imaju antiaterogena i protivupalna svojstva tako da djeluju neuroprotektivno. Ekstrakt crnog vina, bogat antocijaninom, smanjuje ozljede izazvane cerebralnom ishemijom. Unošenje polifenola hranom može redukovati hipertenziju, protivupalnim i antioksidativnim efektima, kao i povećanom proizvodnjom oksida azota. Posebno se ukazuje na značaj crnog i zelenog čaja u snižavanju vrednosti krvnog pritiska. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja polifenola u cilju donošenja što jasnijih preporuka za njihovu opštu preventivnu primenu.
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