PROCENA UTICAJA PREKOMERNE TELESNE TEŽINE I GOJAZNOSTI NA NASTANAK PREHIPERTENZIJE I HIPERTENZIJE KOD DECE UZRASTA 6-15 GODINA
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Prekomernu telesnu težinu ili gojaznost ima 41 milion dece mlađe od 5 godina i 340 miliona dece i adolescenata uzrasta od 5 do 19 godina. Gojaznost dece i adolescenata predstavlja najvažniji prediktor povišenog krvnog pritiska. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita učestalost javljanja prekomerne telesne težine i gojaznosti kod dece uzrasta 6-15 godina, kao i da se proceni učestalost javljanja prehipertenzije i hipertenzije kod dece sa prekomernom telesnom težinom i gojaznošću.
Metode: Ovom studijom bilo je obuhvaćeno 85 od ukupno 86 dece iz Osnovne škole u Krupi na Uni. Podaci su prikupljeni upitnikom, a telesna težina i krvni pritisak su mereni. U statističkoj analizi podataka korišćeni su hi kvadrat test i t-test.
Rezultati: Studijom preseka je bilo obuhvaćeno 85 dece, i to 45 (52,9%) dečaka i 40 (47,1%) djevojčica prosečne starosti 10,87 ± 2,70 godina. Normalna uhranjenost utvrđena je kod 54 (63,5%) ispitanika, pothranjenost u 12 (14,1%), prekomerna uhranjenost kod 5 (5,9%), a gojaznost kod 14 (16,5%). Normalne vrednosti krvnog pritiska imalo je 76 (89,4%) ispitanika, prehipertenzivno stanje 5 (5,9%) i arterijsku hipertenziju 4 (4,7%). Između mlađe i starije dece nije bilo značajne razlike u odnosu na stepen uhranjenosti (p=0,477) i visinu krvnog pritiska (p=0,453). Deca sa prekomernom telesnom težinom i gojaznošću imala su značajno češće prehipertenziju i hipertenziju (p˂0,001).
Zaključak: Kod svakog petog deteta utvrđena je prekomerna uhranjenost ili gojaznost, a kod svakog desetog prehipertenzija ili hipertenzija. Pravovremena promena načina ishrane i fizičke aktivnosti, kao i svih drugih životnih navika, može doprineti regulaciji ne samo telesne težine nego i regulaciji krvnog pritiska.
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