NAUKA O MEDICINSKOJ MARIHUANI I IZAZOVI U ISTRAŽIVANJU
Sažetak
Endokanabinoidi su retrogradni neurotransmiteri na bazi lipida koji se vežu za kanabinoidne receptore, od kojih su trenutno dva opisana: CB1 i CB2. Dve glavne aktivne komponente kanabisa su tetrahidrokanabinol (THC) i kanabidiol (CBD), koji se na različite načine vežu za receptore, time omogućavajući različite sistemske efekte, kao i modifikaciju sopstvenih efekata. Zbog ovih različitih osobina, terapijski efekat marihuane direktno zavisi od srazmere THC: CBD u određenoj formulaciji. Trenutno se sintetički i proizvodi nastali iz kanabisa, koje je odobrila Uprava za hranu i lekove Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, koriste za lečenje epileptičnih napada, mučnine izazvane hemoterapijom, i anoreksije kod pacijenata sa HIV infekcijom. Istraživanja su pružila dokaze niskog do srednjeg kvaliteta o koristima kanabinoida koji se koriste za lečenje hroničnog neuropatskog bola i bola izazvanog kancerom. Međutim, veliki su izgledi da će se oni koristiti kao alternativa opiodima. Ostaju izazovi u medicinskim istraživanjima kanabisa, naročito u smislu nekonzistentnog hemijskog sastava i izvora, malih uzoraka, slabih kontrola, i kratkog kliničkog istraživanja. Najveće medicinske ustanove pozivaju na rigorozna istraživanja da bi se dalje istražila bezbednost i efikasnost marihuane.
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