PREVENCIJA ATEROSKLEROZE S OSVRTOM NA GOJAZNOST I NEADEKVATNU ISHRANU KAO FAKTORE RIZIKA ZA NASTANAK KARDIOVASKULARNIH BOLESTI
Sažetak
U ovom radu biće predstavljene informacije iz relevantnih izvora podataka u vezi sa prevencijom ateroskleroze s osvrtom na gojaznost i neadekvatnu ishranu kao faktore rizika za nastanak KVB. Svetska zdravstvena organizacija procenjuje da svake godine od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB) umre 17,9 miliona ljudi, što je trećina ukupnog broja umrlih u svetu. KVB su ne samo vodeći uzrok umiranja, nego i obolevanja i nesposobnosti, što ukazuje na njihov veliki javnozdravstveni značaj. Smatra se da je endotelna disfunkcija rana faza ateroskleroze. Ateroskleroza se javlja i kod dece mlađe od 10 godina, dok rizik od ateroskleroze raste sa godinama starosti. Postoji preko 300 faktora povezanih sa aterosklerozom i njenim ključnim komplikacijama, koronarnim oboljenjem srca i moždanim udarom. Najvažniji od njih su gojaznost, fizička neaktivnost, hipertenzija, pušenje, neadekvatna ishrana, abnormalne vrednosti lipida, nasleđe, metabolički sindrom, dijabetes i psihosocijalni faktori. Redukcijom ili eliminacijom svih navedenih faktora rizika može doprineti smanjivanju rizika od KVB. Neophodna su dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti sa ciljem boljeg definisanja nezavisnih faktora rizika za nastanak ateroskleroze i posledične KVB.
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