SINDROM SAGOREVANJA LEKARA I MEDICINSKIH SESTARA/TEHNIČARA ZAPOSLENIH U OPŠTOJ BOLNICI ZDRAVSTVENOG CENTRA U BRČKOM
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Sindrom sagorevanja može se definisati kao prolongirani odgovor na hronične emocionalne i interpersonalne stresore koji se dovode u vezu sa radnim mestom. Obično se manifestuje emocionalnom iscprljenošću, osećajem male lične ostvarenosti i depersonalizacijom. Najčešće se javlja kod radnika koji intenzivno rade sa ljudima, posebno kod lekara, učitelja i nastavnika, gde čak 20-30% zaposlenih ispoljava neke od simptoma sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. Cilj rada je procena prevalencije sindroma sagorevanja među zdravstvenim radnicima (lekarima i medicinskim sestrama/tehničarima) u opštoj bolnici JZU Zdravstveni centar Brčko i da se identifikuju prediktori emocionalne iscprljenosti, depersonalizacije i osećaja male lične ostvarenosti.
Metode: Ova studija preseka je sprovedena, tokom juna i jula 2018. godine, u opštoj bolnici JZU Zdravstveni centar Brčko. U istraživanje su uključeni lekari (61) i medicinske sestre/tehničari (155), od 18 i više godina, koji su zaposleni sa punim radnim vremenom. Svi ispitanici dobrovoljno su pristali da anonimno učestvuju u istraživanju. Podaci su od ispitanika dobijeni upitnicima. Pored opšteg upitnika korišćen je Maslašev upitnik za procenu sindroma sagorevanja na poslu (eng. Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, MBI-HSS). U statističkoj analizi podataka primenjene su metode deskriptivne statistike: srednja vrednost, standardna devijacija. Za poređenje dve grupe ispitanika korišćen je t-test za nezavisne uzorke, univarijantna i multivarijantna logistička regresiona analiza. U modele multivarijantne logističke analize uključene su varijable koje su prema vrednostima univarijantne analize imale p < 0,1.
Rezultati: Prevalencija emocionalne iscrpljenosti, kao komponente sindrom sagorevanja, bila je prisutna kod 51% zdravstvenih radnika, depersonalizacija kod 33%, i niska lična ostvarenost kod 54% ispitanika. Ukoliko kao kriterijum ukupnog sindroma sagorevanja odaberemo prisustvo bar jedne od tri komponente sindroma, sindrom sagorevanja je bio prisutan kod 59% ispitanika. Prema Maslaš upitniku, lekari su značajno češće imali umerene i visoke vrednosti emocionalne iscrpljenosti i umerene vrednosti lične ostvarenosti, a medicinske sestre/tehničari značajno češće umerene vrednosti depersonalizacije.
Zaključak: Visoka učestalost sindroma sagorevanja kod zdravstvenih radnika, zahteva dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti sa ciljem uvođenja adekvatnih preventivnih mera radi unapređenja zdravlja zdravstvenih radnika, pogotovo lekara.
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