PREOPERATIVNI, INTRAOPERATIVNI I POSTOPERATIVNI PREDIKTORI POVEZANI SA KOMPLIKACIJAMA I PREŽIVLJAVANJEM PACIJENATA NAKON RESEKCIJE KOLOREKTUMA
Sažetak
Kolorektalni karcinom je treća najčešće dijagnostikovana forma svih karcinoma, a drugi najsmrtonosniji karcinom na svetu. Međunarodna agencija za istraživanje raka (engl. Internacional Agency for Reasearch on Cancer - IARC) smatra da će se globalno opterećenje društva kolorektalnim rakom povećati za 60%, što predstavlja više od 2,2 miliona novih slušajeva i 1,1 milion smrtnih ishoda do 2030. godine. Cilj ovog preglednog rada jeste da prikaže koji prediktori, u kom delu toka bolesti i na koji način utiču na nastanak postoperativnih komplikacija, kao i na samo preživljavanje pacijenata sa kolorektalnim karcinomom. Povišeni nivoi inflamatornih markera, loš nutritivni status, viša kategorija ASA klasifikacije fizičkog statusa (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) i loše životne navike predstavljaju značajne nezavisne prediktore lošeg preživljavanja i povećavaju rizik od nastanka postoperativnih komplikacija nakon resekcije. Intraoperativno doprinos lošim ishodima daju duže trajanje operativnog zahvata i veliki gubitak krvi tokom operacije. Postoperativne komplikacije (popuštanje anastomoze, postoperativno krvarenje, intraabdominalni apsces, komplikacije stome, opšte komplikacije) samostalno povećavaju rizik od mortaliteta nakon operativnog zahvata.
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